vituperar

Portuguese

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Latin vituperāre.

Pronunciation

 

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /vi.tu.peˈɾa(ʁ)/ [vi.tu.peˈɾa(h)]

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /vi.tu.peˈɾa(ʁ)/ [vi.tu.peˈɾa(h)]
  • (São Paulo) IPA^(key): /vi.tu.peˈɾa(ɾ)/
  • (Rio de Janeiro) IPA^(key): /vi.tu.peˈɾa(ʁ)/ [vi.tu.peˈɾa(χ)]
  • (Caipira) IPA^(key): /vi.tu.peˈɾa(ɻ)/

 

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /vi.tu.pɨˈɾaɾ/

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /vi.tu.pɨˈɾaɾ/
  • (Northern Portugal) IPA^(key): /bi.tu.pɨˈɾaɾ/
  • (Southern Portugal) IPA^(key): /vi.tu.pɨˈɾa.ɾi/

• Hyphenation: vi‧tu‧pe‧rar

Verb

vituperar (first-person singular present vitupero, first-person singular preterite vituperei, past participle vituperado)

1. (transitive) to vituperate; revile; affront; outrage; insult
2. (transitive) to depreciate; demean
3. (transitive) to reproach harshly
4. (transitive) to consider (something/someone) as ignominious

Conjugation

    Conjugation of vituperar (See Appendix:Portuguese verbs)

	Singular			Plural
	First-person (eu)	Second-person (tu)	Third-person (ele / ela / você)	First-person (nós)	Second-person (vós)	Third-person (eles / elas / vocês)
Infinitive
Impersonal	vituperar
Personal	vituperar	vituperares	vituperar	vituperarmos	vituperardes	vituperarem
Gerund
	vituperando
Past participle
Masculine	vituperado			vituperados
Feminine	vituperada			vituperadas
Indicative
Present	vitupero	vituperas	vitupera	vituperamos	vituperais	vituperam
Imperfect	vituperava	vituperavas	vituperava	vituperávamos	vituperáveis	vituperavam
Preterite	vituperei	vituperaste	vituperou	vituperamos1, vituperámos2	vituperastes	vituperaram
Pluperfect	vituperara	vituperaras	vituperara	vituperáramos	vituperáreis	vituperaram
Future	vituperarei	vituperarás	vituperará	vituperaremos	vituperareis	vituperarão
Conditional	vituperaria	vituperarias	vituperaria	vituperaríamos	vituperaríeis	vituperariam
Subjunctive
Present	vitupere	vituperes	vitupere	vituperemos	vitupereis	vituperem
Imperfect	vituperasse	vituperasses	vituperasse	vituperássemos	vituperásseis	vituperassem
Future	vituperar	vituperares	vituperar	vituperarmos	vituperardes	vituperarem
Imperative
Affirmative		vitupera	vitupere	vituperemos	vituperai	vituperem
Negative (não)		não vituperes	não vitupere	não vituperemos	não vitupereis	não vituperem

¹Brazilian Portuguese.
²European Portuguese.

Further reading

• “vituperar”, in Dicionário Aulete Digital (in Portuguese), Rio de Janeiro: Lexikon Editora Digital, 2008–2026
• “vituperar”, in Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Lisbon: Priberam, 2008–2026

Spanish

Etymology

From Latin vituperāre.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /bitupeˈɾaɾ/ [bi.t̪u.peˈɾaɾ]
• Rhymes: -aɾ
• Syllabification: vi‧tu‧pe‧rar

Verb

vituperar (first-person singular present vitupero, first-person singular preterite vituperé, past participle vituperado)

1. (transitive) to vituperate against

Conjugation

    Conjugation of vituperar (See Appendix:Spanish verbs)

infinitive			vituperar
gerund			vituperando
past participle				masculine		feminine
		singular		vituperado		vituperada
		plural		vituperados		vituperadas
		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
indicative		yo	tú vos	él/ella/ello usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ellos/ellas ustedes
	present	vitupero	vituperastú vituperásvos	vitupera	vituperamos	vituperáis	vituperan
	imperfect	vituperaba	vituperabas	vituperaba	vituperábamos	vituperabais	vituperaban
	preterite	vituperé	vituperaste	vituperó	vituperamos	vituperasteis	vituperaron
	future	vituperaré	vituperarás	vituperará	vituperaremos	vituperaréis	vituperarán
	conditional	vituperaría	vituperarías	vituperaría	vituperaríamos	vituperaríais	vituperarían
subjunctive		yo	tú vos	él/ella/ello usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ellos/ellas ustedes
	present	vitupere	vituperestú vituperésvos2	vitupere	vituperemos	vituperéis	vituperen
	imperfect (ra)	vituperara	vituperaras	vituperara	vituperáramos	vituperarais	vituperaran
	imperfect (se)	vituperase	vituperases	vituperase	vituperásemos	vituperaseis	vituperasen
	future1	vituperare	vituperares	vituperare	vituperáremos	vituperareis	vituperaren
imperative		—	tú vos	usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ustedes
	affirmative		vituperatú vituperávos	vitupere	vituperemos	vituperad	vituperen
	negative		no vituperes	no vitupere	no vituperemos	no vituperéis	no vituperen

¹Rare; now chiefly used in legal language.
²Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tuteo-form for the present subjunctive.

    Selected combined forms of vituperar

These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.

		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
with infinitive vituperar	dative	vituperarme	vituperarte	vituperarle, vituperarse	vituperarnos	vituperaros	vituperarles, vituperarse
	accusative	vituperarme	vituperarte	vituperarlo, vituperarla, vituperarse	vituperarnos	vituperaros	vituperarlos, vituperarlas, vituperarse
with gerund vituperando	dative	vituperándome	vituperándote	vituperándole, vituperándose	vituperándonos	vituperándoos	vituperándoles, vituperándose
	accusative	vituperándome	vituperándote	vituperándolo, vituperándola, vituperándose	vituperándonos	vituperándoos	vituperándolos, vituperándolas, vituperándose
with informal second-person singular tuteo imperative vitupera	dative	vitupérame	vitupérate	vitupérale	vitupéranos	not used	vitupérales
	accusative	vitupérame	vitupérate	vitupéralo, vitupérala	vitupéranos	not used	vitupéralos, vitupéralas
with informal second-person singular voseo imperative vituperá	dative	vituperame	vituperate	vituperale	vituperanos	not used	vituperales
	accusative	vituperame	vituperate	vituperalo, vituperala	vituperanos	not used	vituperalos, vituperalas
with formal second-person singular imperative vitupere	dative	vitupéreme	not used	vitupérele, vitupérese	vitupérenos	not used	vitupéreles
	accusative	vitupéreme	not used	vitupérelo, vitupérela, vitupérese	vitupérenos	not used	vitupérelos, vitupérelas
with first-person plural imperative vituperemos	dative	not used	vituperémoste	vituperémosle	vituperémonos	vituperémoos	vituperémosles
	accusative	not used	vituperémoste	vituperémoslo, vituperémosla	vituperémonos	vituperémoos	vituperémoslos, vituperémoslas
with informal second-person plural imperative vituperad	dative	vituperadme	not used	vituperadle	vituperadnos	vituperaos	vituperadles
	accusative	vituperadme	not used	vituperadlo, vituperadla	vituperadnos	vituperaos	vituperadlos, vituperadlas
with formal second-person plural imperative vituperen	dative	vitupérenme	not used	vitupérenle	vitupérennos	not used	vitupérenles, vitupérense
	accusative	vitupérenme	not used	vitupérenlo, vitupérenla	vitupérennos	not used	vitupérenlos, vitupérenlas, vitupérense

Related terms

• vituperable
• vituperación
• vituperante
• vituperio
• vituperioso

Further reading

• “vituperar”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8.1, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 15 December 2025