καρπός

Ancient Greek

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /kar.pós/ → /karˈpos/ → /karˈpos/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /kar.pós/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /karˈpos/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /karˈpos/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /karˈpos/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /karˈpos/

Etymology 1

From Proto-Indo-European *kerp- (“pluck, harvest”). Compare Proto-Germanic *harbistaz (“harvest, autumn”), Proto-Slavic *čerpti (“to scoop, draw”) and Latin carpō (“to pick”), as well as Ancient Greek κείρω (keírō, “to cut off”), derived from the ultimate root *(s)ker- (“to cut”).

Noun

κᾰρπός • (karpós) m (genitive κᾰρποῦ); second declension (Epic, Attic, Ionic, Doric, Koine)

1. fruit, grain, produce, harvest
2. the product of something: children (fruit of the body), poetry (fruit of the mind), profit

Declension

Second declension of ὁ κᾰρπός; τοῦ κᾰρποῦ (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ὁ κᾰρπός ho karpós	τὼ κᾰρπώ tṑ karpṓ	οἱ κᾰρποί hoi karpoí
Genitive	τοῦ κᾰρποῦ toû karpoû	τοῖν κᾰρποῖν toîn karpoîn	τῶν κᾰρπῶν tôn karpôn
Dative	τῷ κᾰρπῷ tôi karpôi	τοῖν κᾰρποῖν toîn karpoîn	τοῖς κᾰρποῖς toîs karpoîs
Accusative	τὸν κᾰρπόν tòn karpón	τὼ κᾰρπώ tṑ karpṓ	τοὺς κᾰρπούς toùs karpoús
Vocative	κᾰρπέ karpé	κᾰρπώ karpṓ	κᾰρποί karpoí
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Derived terms

• κάρπωμα (kárpōma)
• κᾰρποφῠ́λᾰξ (karpophúlax)
• κᾰ́ρπῐον (kárpion)
• περικάρπιον (perikárpion)
• πολύκαρπος (polúkarpos)
• χρῡσόκᾰρπος (khrūsókarpos)

 

Descendants

• → Aromanian: carpo
• → Coptic: ⲕⲁⲣⲡⲟⲥ (karpos)
• Greek: καρπός (karpós)
• Mariupol Greek: карпо́ (karpó)
• → Turkish: karpuz

Etymology 2

Perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *kʷerp- (“to turn”); if so, related to Proto-Germanic *hwerbaną (“to turn”) (English wharf).

Noun

κᾰρπός • (karpós) m (genitive κᾰρποῦ); second declension

1. wrist

Declension

Second declension of ὁ κᾰρπός; τοῦ κᾰρποῦ (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ὁ κᾰρπός ho karpós	τὼ κᾰρπώ tṑ karpṓ	οἱ κᾰρποί hoi karpoí
Genitive	τοῦ κᾰρποῦ toû karpoû	τοῖν κᾰρποῖν toîn karpoîn	τῶν κᾰρπῶν tôn karpôn
Dative	τῷ κᾰρπῷ tôi karpôi	τοῖν κᾰρποῖν toîn karpoîn	τοῖς κᾰρποῖς toîs karpoîs
Accusative	τὸν κᾰρπόν tòn karpón	τὼ κᾰρπώ tṑ karpṓ	τοὺς κᾰρπούς toùs karpoús
Vocative	κᾰρπέ karpé	κᾰρπώ karpṓ	κᾰρποί karpoí
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Descendants

• Greek: καρπός (karpós)
• New Latin: carpus
  • English: carpus

References

• “καρπός”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “καρπός”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “καρπός”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “καρπός”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
• καρπός in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
• Bauer, Walter et al. (2001) A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
• καρπός in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
• “καρπός”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
• G2590 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
• Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎^[1], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
  • cereals idem, page 122.
  • corn idem, page 174.
  • crop idem, page 185.
  • fruit idem, page 347.
  • harvest idem, page 387.
  • produce idem, page 644.
  • standing idem, page 811.
  • wrist idem, page 993.
  • yield idem, page 996.
• Roberts, Edward A. (2014) A Comprehensive Etymological Dictionary of the Spanish Language with Families of Words based on Indo-European Roots, volume I, Xlibris Corporation, →ISBN
• Kroonen, Guus (2013) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
• καρπός - ΛΟΓΕΙΟΝ (since 2011) Dictionaries for Ancient Greek and Latin (in English, French, Spanish, German, Dutch) University of Chicago.

Greek

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /kaɾˈpos/

Etymology 1

From Ancient Greek κᾰρπός (karpós, “fruit, grain”).

Noun

καρπός • (karpós) m (plural καρποί)

1. fruit, grain

Declension

declension of καρπός

case     \     number	singular	plural
nominative	καρπός •	καρποί •
genitive	καρπού •	καρπών •
accusative	καρπό •	καρπούς •
vocative	καρπέ •	καρποί •

Related terms

• see: ακαρπία f (akarpía, “fruitlessness, barrenness”)

Descendants

→ Aromanian: carpo.

Etymology 2

From Ancient Greek κᾰρπός (karpós, “wrist”).

Noun

καρπός • (karpós) m (plural καρποί)

1. (anatomy) wrist

Declension

declension of καρπός

case     \     number	singular	plural
nominative	καρπός •	καρποί •
genitive	καρπού •	καρπών •
accusative	καρπό •	καρπούς •
vocative	καρπέ •	καρποί •

Related terms

• φρούτο (froúto, “fruit”)

Further reading

• καρπός - Λεξικό της κοινής νεοελληνικής [Dictionary of Standard Modern Greek], 1998, by the "Triantafyllidis" Foundation.