شمع
Jump to navigation
Jump to search
Arabic
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]From the root ش م ع (š-m-ʕ) meaning "to spread or disperse", hence melting wax.
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]شَمْع or شَمَع • (šamʕ or šamaʕ) m (collective, singulative شَمْعَة f (šamʕa) or شَمَعَة (šamaʕa), plural شُمُوع (šumūʕ))
Declension
[edit]Declension of noun شَمْع (šamʕ); شَمَع (šamaʕ)
Collective | basic collective triptote | ||
---|---|---|---|
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | شَمْع; شَمَع šamʕ; šamaʕ |
الشَّمْع; الشَّمَع aš-šamʕ; aš-šamaʕ |
شَمْع; شَمَع šamʕ; šamaʕ |
Nominative | شَمْعٌ; شَمَعٌ šamʕun; šamaʕun |
الشَّمْعُ; الشَّمَعُ aš-šamʕu; aš-šamaʕu |
شَمْعُ; شَمَعُ šamʕu; šamaʕu |
Accusative | شَمْعًا; شَمَعًا šamʕan; šamaʕan |
الشَّمْعَ; الشَّمَعَ aš-šamʕa; aš-šamaʕa |
شَمْعَ; شَمَعَ šamʕa; šamaʕa |
Genitive | شَمْعٍ; شَمَعٍ šamʕin; šamaʕin |
الشَّمْعِ; الشَّمَعِ aš-šamʕi; aš-šamaʕi |
شَمْعِ; شَمَعِ šamʕi; šamaʕi |
Singulative | singulative triptote in ـَة (-a) | ||
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | شَمْعَة; شَمَعَة šamʕa; šamaʕa |
الشَّمْعَة; الشَّمَعَة aš-šamʕa; aš-šamaʕa |
شَمْعَة; شَمَعَة šamʕat; šamaʕat |
Nominative | شَمْعَةٌ; شَمَعَةٌ šamʕatun; šamaʕatun |
الشَّمْعَةُ; الشَّمَعَةُ aš-šamʕatu; aš-šamaʕatu |
شَمْعَةُ; شَمَعَةُ šamʕatu; šamaʕatu |
Accusative | شَمْعَةً; شَمَعَةً šamʕatan; šamaʕatan |
الشَّمْعَةَ; الشَّمَعَةَ aš-šamʕata; aš-šamaʕata |
شَمْعَةَ; شَمَعَةَ šamʕata; šamaʕata |
Genitive | شَمْعَةٍ; شَمَعَةٍ šamʕatin; šamaʕatin |
الشَّمْعَةِ; الشَّمَعَةِ aš-šamʕati; aš-šamaʕati |
شَمْعَةِ; شَمَعَةِ šamʕati; šamaʕati |
Dual | Indefinite | Definite | Construct |
Informal | شَمْعَتَيْن; شَمَعَتَيْن šamʕatayn; šamaʕatayn |
الشَّمْعَتَيْن; الشَّمَعَتَيْن aš-šamʕatayn; aš-šamaʕatayn |
شَمْعَتَيْ; شَمَعَتَيْ šamʕatay; šamaʕatay |
Nominative | شَمْعَتَانِ; شَمَعَتَانِ šamʕatāni; šamaʕatāni |
الشَّمْعَتَانِ; الشَّمَعَتَانِ aš-šamʕatāni; aš-šamaʕatāni |
شَمْعَتَا; شَمَعَتَا šamʕatā; šamaʕatā |
Accusative | شَمْعَتَيْنِ; شَمَعَتَيْنِ šamʕatayni; šamaʕatayni |
الشَّمْعَتَيْنِ; الشَّمَعَتَيْنِ aš-šamʕatayni; aš-šamaʕatayni |
شَمْعَتَيْ; شَمَعَتَيْ šamʕatay; šamaʕatay |
Genitive | شَمْعَتَيْنِ; شَمَعَتَيْنِ šamʕatayni; šamaʕatayni |
الشَّمْعَتَيْنِ; الشَّمَعَتَيْنِ aš-šamʕatayni; aš-šamaʕatayni |
شَمْعَتَيْ; شَمَعَتَيْ šamʕatay; šamaʕatay |
Paucal (3-10) | sound feminine paucal | ||
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | شَمْعَات; شَمَعَات šamʕāt; šamaʕāt |
الشَّمْعَات; الشَّمَعَات aš-šamʕāt; aš-šamaʕāt |
شَمْعَات; شَمَعَات šamʕāt; šamaʕāt |
Nominative | شَمْعَاتٌ; شَمَعَاتٌ šamʕātun; šamaʕātun |
الشَّمْعَاتُ; الشَّمَعَاتُ aš-šamʕātu; aš-šamaʕātu |
شَمْعَاتُ; شَمَعَاتُ šamʕātu; šamaʕātu |
Accusative | شَمْعَاتٍ; شَمَعَاتٍ šamʕātin; šamaʕātin |
الشَّمْعَاتِ; الشَّمَعَاتِ aš-šamʕāti; aš-šamaʕāti |
شَمْعَاتِ; شَمَعَاتِ šamʕāti; šamaʕāti |
Genitive | شَمْعَاتٍ; شَمَعَاتٍ šamʕātin; šamaʕātin |
الشَّمْعَاتِ; الشَّمَعَاتِ aš-šamʕāti; aš-šamaʕāti |
شَمْعَاتِ; شَمَعَاتِ šamʕāti; šamaʕāti |
Plural of variety | basic broken plural triptote | ||
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | شُمُوع šumūʕ |
الشُّمُوع aš-šumūʕ |
شُمُوع šumūʕ |
Nominative | شُمُوعٌ šumūʕun |
الشُّمُوعُ aš-šumūʕu |
شُمُوعُ šumūʕu |
Accusative | شُمُوعًا šumūʕan |
الشُّمُوعَ aš-šumūʕa |
شُمُوعَ šumūʕa |
Genitive | شُمُوعٍ šumūʕin |
الشُّمُوعِ aš-šumūʕi |
شُمُوعِ šumūʕi |
Descendants
[edit]- Maltese: xema’
- → Aramaic:
- Classical Syriac: ܫܡܥܐ (šamʿā)
- → Azerbaijani: şam, şəm
- → Bengali: শামা (śama)
- → Ge'ez: ሠምዕ (śämʿ)
- → Persian: شمع (šam')
- → Somali: shumac
- ⇒ Swahili: mshumaa
Etymology 2
[edit]From the root ش م ع (š-m-ʕ) in the sense of "to disperse or go away", "to be away from work", hence "to be at leisure".
Verb
[edit]شَمَعَ • (šamaʕa) I, non-past يَشْمَعُ (yašmaʕu)
Conjugation
[edit]Conjugation of
شَمَعَ
(form-I sound, verbal nouns شَمْع or شُمُوع or مَشْمَعَة)verbal nouns الْمَصَادِر |
šamʕ or šumūʕ or mašmaʕa | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل |
šāmiʕ | |||||||||||
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول |
mašmūʕ | |||||||||||
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد |
dual الْمُثَنَّى |
plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي |
m | šamaʕtu |
šamaʕta |
شَمَعَ šamaʕa |
šamaʕtumā |
šamaʕā |
šamaʕnā |
šamaʕtum |
šamaʕū | |||
f | šamaʕti |
šamaʕat |
šamaʕatā |
šamaʕtunna |
šamaʕna | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع |
m | ʔašmaʕu |
tašmaʕu |
yašmaʕu |
tašmaʕāni |
yašmaʕāni |
našmaʕu |
tašmaʕūna |
yašmaʕūna | |||
f | tašmaʕīna |
tašmaʕu |
tašmaʕāni |
tašmaʕna |
yašmaʕna | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب |
m | ʔašmaʕa |
tašmaʕa |
yašmaʕa |
tašmaʕā |
yašmaʕā |
našmaʕa |
tašmaʕū |
yašmaʕū | |||
f | tašmaʕī |
tašmaʕa |
tašmaʕā |
tašmaʕna |
yašmaʕna | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم |
m | ʔašmaʕ |
tašmaʕ |
yašmaʕ |
tašmaʕā |
yašmaʕā |
našmaʕ |
tašmaʕū |
yašmaʕū | |||
f | tašmaʕī |
tašmaʕ |
tašmaʕā |
tašmaʕna |
yašmaʕna | |||||||
imperative الْأَمْر |
m | išmaʕ |
išmaʕā |
išmaʕū |
||||||||
f | išmaʕī |
išmaʕna | ||||||||||
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد |
dual الْمُثَنَّى |
plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي |
m | šumiʕtu |
šumiʕta |
شُمِعَ šumiʕa |
šumiʕtumā |
šumiʕā |
šumiʕnā |
šumiʕtum |
šumiʕū | |||
f | šumiʕti |
šumiʕat |
šumiʕatā |
šumiʕtunna |
šumiʕna | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع |
m | ʔušmaʕu |
tušmaʕu |
yušmaʕu |
tušmaʕāni |
yušmaʕāni |
nušmaʕu |
tušmaʕūna |
yušmaʕūna | |||
f | tušmaʕīna |
tušmaʕu |
tušmaʕāni |
tušmaʕna |
yušmaʕna | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب |
m | ʔušmaʕa |
tušmaʕa |
yušmaʕa |
tušmaʕā |
yušmaʕā |
nušmaʕa |
tušmaʕū |
yušmaʕū | |||
f | tušmaʕī |
tušmaʕa |
tušmaʕā |
tušmaʕna |
yušmaʕna | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم |
m | ʔušmaʕ |
tušmaʕ |
yušmaʕ |
tušmaʕā |
yušmaʕā |
nušmaʕ |
tušmaʕū |
yušmaʕū | |||
f | tušmaʕī |
tušmaʕ |
tušmaʕā |
tušmaʕna |
yušmaʕna |
Etymology 3
[edit]Probably denominal.
Verb
[edit]شَمَّعَ • (šammaʕa) II, non-past يُشَمِّعُ (yušammiʕu)
Conjugation
[edit]Conjugation of
شَمَّعَ
(form-II sound)verbal noun الْمَصْدَر |
tašmīʕ | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل |
mušammiʕ | |||||||||||
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول |
mušammaʕ | |||||||||||
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد |
dual الْمُثَنَّى |
plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي |
m | šammaʕtu |
šammaʕta |
شَمَّعَ šammaʕa |
šammaʕtumā |
šammaʕā |
šammaʕnā |
šammaʕtum |
šammaʕū | |||
f | šammaʕti |
šammaʕat |
šammaʕatā |
šammaʕtunna |
šammaʕna | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع |
m | ʔušammiʕu |
tušammiʕu |
yušammiʕu |
tušammiʕāni |
yušammiʕāni |
nušammiʕu |
tušammiʕūna |
yušammiʕūna | |||
f | tušammiʕīna |
tušammiʕu |
tušammiʕāni |
tušammiʕna |
yušammiʕna | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب |
m | ʔušammiʕa |
tušammiʕa |
yušammiʕa |
tušammiʕā |
yušammiʕā |
nušammiʕa |
tušammiʕū |
yušammiʕū | |||
f | tušammiʕī |
tušammiʕa |
tušammiʕā |
tušammiʕna |
yušammiʕna | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم |
m | ʔušammiʕ |
tušammiʕ |
yušammiʕ |
tušammiʕā |
yušammiʕā |
nušammiʕ |
tušammiʕū |
yušammiʕū | |||
f | tušammiʕī |
tušammiʕ |
tušammiʕā |
tušammiʕna |
yušammiʕna | |||||||
imperative الْأَمْر |
m | شَمِّعْ šammiʕ |
šammiʕā |
šammiʕū |
||||||||
f | šammiʕī |
šammiʕna | ||||||||||
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد |
dual الْمُثَنَّى |
plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي |
m | šummiʕtu |
šummiʕta |
شُمِّعَ šummiʕa |
šummiʕtumā |
šummiʕā |
šummiʕnā |
šummiʕtum |
šummiʕū | |||
f | šummiʕti |
šummiʕat |
šummiʕatā |
šummiʕtunna |
šummiʕna | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع |
m | ʔušammaʕu |
tušammaʕu |
yušammaʕu |
tušammaʕāni |
yušammaʕāni |
nušammaʕu |
tušammaʕūna |
yušammaʕūna | |||
f | tušammaʕīna |
tušammaʕu |
tušammaʕāni |
tušammaʕna |
yušammaʕna | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب |
m | ʔušammaʕa |
tušammaʕa |
yušammaʕa |
tušammaʕā |
yušammaʕā |
nušammaʕa |
tušammaʕū |
yušammaʕū | |||
f | tušammaʕī |
tušammaʕa |
tušammaʕā |
tušammaʕna |
yušammaʕna | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم |
m | ʔušammaʕ |
tušammaʕ |
yušammaʕ |
tušammaʕā |
yušammaʕā |
nušammaʕ |
tušammaʕū |
yušammaʕū | |||
f | tušammaʕī |
tušammaʕ |
tušammaʕā |
tušammaʕna |
yušammaʕna |
References
[edit]- Lane, Edward William (1863) “شمع”, in Arabic-English Lexicon[1], London: Williams & Norgate, page 1598
- Steingass, Francis Joseph (1884) “شمع”, in The Student's Arabic–English Dictionary[2], London: W.H. Allen, page 556
- Wehr, Hans (1979) “شمع”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN, page 568
Ottoman Turkish
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Borrowed from Arabic شَمْع (šamʕ, “wax; candle”).
Noun
[edit]شمع • (şemʼ)
- wax, an oily, water-resistant, semisolid substance
- Synonym: موم (mum)
- wax-candle, a candle or taper made of wax
- Synonym: موم (mum)
Derived terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]- Turkish: şem
Further reading
[edit]- Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “şem2”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 1, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 4454
- Kélékian, Diran (1911) “شمع”, in Dictionnaire turc-français[3], Constantinople: Mihran, page 734
- Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1687) “Cera”, in Complementum thesauri linguarum orientalium, seu onomasticum latino-turcico-arabico-persicum, simul idem index verborum lexici turcico-arabico-persici, quod latinâ, germanicâ, aliarumque linguarum adjectâ nomenclatione nuper in lucem editum[4], Vienna, column 170
- Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680) “شمع”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum[5], Vienna, columns 2861–2862
- Redhouse, James W. (1890) “شمع”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon[6], Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 1136
Persian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Borrowed from Arabic شَمْع (šamʕ).
Pronunciation
[edit]- (Classical Persian) IPA(key): [ˈʃamʔ]
- (Tajik, formal) IPA(key): [ʃǽmʔ]
Readings | |
---|---|
Classical reading? | šam' |
Dari reading? | šam' |
Iranian reading? | šam' |
Tajik reading? | šamʾ |
Noun
[edit]Dari | شمع |
---|---|
Iranian Persian | |
Tajik | шамъ |
شمع • (šam') (plural شمعها (šam'-hâ))
South Levantine Arabic
[edit]Root |
---|
ش م ع |
2 terms |
Etymology
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]شمع • (šamʕ) m (collective, singulative شمعة f (šamʕa), paucal شمعات (šamʕāt))
- wax
- (uncountable) candles
See also
[edit]- شمعدان (šamʕdān, “candlestick, candleholder”)
Urdu
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Borrowed from Classical Persian شمع (šam'), from Arabic شَمْع (šamʕ).
Noun
[edit]Categories:
- Arabic terms belonging to the root ش م ع
- Arabic 1-syllable words
- Arabic terms with IPA pronunciation
- Arabic 2-syllable words
- Arabic terms with audio links
- Arabic lemmas
- Arabic nouns
- Arabic collective nouns
- Arabic masculine nouns
- Arabic nouns with basic triptote collective
- Arabic nouns with triptote singulative in -a
- Arabic nouns with sound feminine paucal
- Arabic nouns with broken plural
- Arabic nouns with basic triptote broken plural
- Arabic verbs
- Arabic form-I verbs
- Arabic sound verbs by conjugation
- Arabic sound form-I verbs
- Arabic sound verbs
- Arabic verbs with full passive
- Arabic transitive verbs
- Arabic form-II verbs
- Arabic sound form-II verbs
- ar:Light sources
- Ottoman Turkish terms borrowed from Arabic
- Ottoman Turkish terms derived from Arabic
- Ottoman Turkish terms derived from the Arabic root ش م ع
- Ottoman Turkish lemmas
- Ottoman Turkish nouns
- ota:Light sources
- Persian terms borrowed from Arabic
- Persian terms derived from Arabic
- Persian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Persian terms with audio links
- Persian lemmas
- Persian nouns
- fa:Light sources
- South Levantine Arabic terms belonging to the root ش م ع
- South Levantine Arabic terms inherited from Arabic
- South Levantine Arabic terms derived from Arabic
- South Levantine Arabic terms with IPA pronunciation
- South Levantine Arabic terms with audio links
- South Levantine Arabic lemmas
- South Levantine Arabic nouns
- South Levantine Arabic collective nouns
- South Levantine Arabic masculine nouns
- South Levantine Arabic uncountable nouns
- Urdu terms borrowed from Classical Persian
- Urdu terms derived from Classical Persian
- Urdu terms derived from Arabic
- Urdu lemmas
- Urdu nouns
- Urdu feminine nouns
- ur:Light sources