偽造

See also: 伪造 and 僞造

Chinese

		false; fake; forged false; fake; forged; bogus	to make; to build; to invent to make; to build; to invent; to manufacture
trad. (偽造/僞造)		偽/僞	造
simp. (伪造)		伪	造

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): wěizào, wèizào

  (Zhuyin): ㄨㄟˇ ㄗㄠˋ, ㄨㄟˋ ㄗㄠˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): ngai⁶ zou⁶

• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): ngúi-chho
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): ûi-chǒ / gūi-chō

  (Teochew, Peng'im): ngui⁶ zao⁶

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland; variant in Taiwan)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: wěizào
    • Zhuyin: ㄨㄟˇ ㄗㄠˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: wěizào
    • Wade–Giles: wei³-tsao⁴
    • Yale: wěi-dzàu
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: woeitzaw
    • Palladius: вэйцзао (vɛjczao)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /weɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡sɑʊ̯⁵¹/
      
  • (Standard Chinese, standard in Taiwan)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: wèizào
    • Zhuyin: ㄨㄟˋ ㄗㄠˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: wèizào
    • Wade–Giles: wei⁴-tsao⁴
    • Yale: wèi-dzàu
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: weytzaw
    • Palladius: вэйцзао (vɛjczao)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /weɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡sɑʊ̯⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: ngai⁶ zou⁶
    • Yale: ngaih jouh
    • Cantonese Pinyin: ngai⁶ dzou⁶
    • Guangdong Romanization: ngei⁶ zou⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋɐi̯²² t͡sou̯²²/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ngúi-chho
    • Hakka Romanization System: ngui^ˋ co
    • Hagfa Pinyim: ngui³ co⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /ŋu̯i³¹ t͡sʰo⁵⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ûi-chǒ
    • Tâi-lô: uî-tsǒ
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /ui²⁴⁻²² t͡so²²/
  • (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gūi-chō
    • Tâi-lô: guī-tsō
    • Phofsit Daibuun: guixzoi
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /ɡui³³⁻²¹ t͡sɤ³³/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /ɡui²²⁻²¹ t͡so²²/
    • IPA (Taipei): /ɡui³³⁻¹¹ t͡so³³/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: ngui⁶ zao⁶
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: ngŭi tsău
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋui³⁵⁻¹¹ t͡sau³⁵/

Verb

偽造

1. to forge; to falsify; to fabricate; to counterfeit; to fake

Synonyms

edit

• 假造 (jiǎzào)
• 土統／土统 (Hokkien)
• 捏 (niē) (literary, or in compounds)
• 捏造 (niēzào)
• 杜撰 (dùzhuàn)
• 桶摃／桶𫼱 (Hokkien)
• 構造／构造 (gòuzào) (archaic)
• 瞎編／瞎编 (xiābiān)
• 編製／编制 (biānzhì) (figurative)
• 編造／编造 (biānzào)
• 胡編／胡编 (húbiān)
• 臆造 (yìzào)
• 莫之莫捏 (Hokkien)
• 莫捏 (Hokkien)
• 虛構／虚构 (xūgòu)
• 造謠／造谣 (zàoyáo)

 

Japanese

Kanji in this term
偽	造
ぎ Grade: S	ぞう Grade: 5
on'yomi

Alternative spelling
僞造 (kyūjitai)

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) ぎぞー [gìzóó] (Heiban – [0])
• IPA^(key): [ɡʲizo̞ː]

Noun

偽(ぎ)造(ぞう) • (gizō) 

1. forgery; falsification; fabrication; counterfeiting

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
偽	造

Adjective

偽造

1. chữ Hán form of nguỵ tạo (“fake”).