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U+5931, 失
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5931

[U+5930]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+5932]

Translingual

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Stroke order
5 strokes

Han character

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(Kangxi radical 37, +2, 5 strokes, cangjie input 竹手人 (HQO), four-corner 25030, composition 丿 or 𠂉)

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 249, character 9
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 5844
  • Dae Jaweon: page 508, character 7
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 525, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+5931

Chinese

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simp. and trad.

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character
Shang Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts

Pictogram (象形) depicting a footprint of someone that has fallen surrounded by drops of blood (Ji Xusheng, 2004).

Alternatively, Ideogrammic compound (會意会意) : + 丿 — something (丿) falling from a hand ().

Etymology

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Cognate with (OC *liɡ, “to escape; to lose”), (OC *lid, “to escape; at ease”) (Schuessler, 2007).

Probably Sino-Tibetan; compare Cogtse Situ [Term?] (ka-ʃlə̂k, to fall (from hand)), Japhug ɕlɯɣ (to fall; to slip) (Zhang, Jacques, and Lai, 2019).

Note also Thai เล็ดลอด (lét-lɔ̂ɔt, to sneak; to escape by stealth) (Manomaivibool, 1975).

Pronunciation 1

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Note: sêg4 - Jieyang.
Note:
  • she6 - vernacular;
  • shr6 - literary.

    Rime
    Character
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial () (26)
    Final () (48)
    Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division () III
    Fanqie
    Baxter syit
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang
    /ɕiɪt̚/
    Pan
    Wuyun
    /ɕit̚/
    Shao
    Rongfen
    /ɕjet̚/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank
    /ɕit̚/
    Li
    Rong
    /ɕiĕt̚/
    Wang
    Li
    /ɕĭĕt̚/
    Bernard
    Karlgren
    /ɕi̯ĕt̚/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex
    shi
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex
    sat1
    BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)
    shī
    Middle
    Chinese
    ‹ syit ›
    Old
    Chinese
    /*l̥i[t]/
    English lose

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 11426
    Phonetic
    component
    Rime
    group
    Rime
    subdivision
    2
    Corresponding
    MC rime
    Old
    Chinese
    /*hliɡ/

    Definitions

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    1. to lose; to lose track of; to mislay
    2. to fail; to not succeed
    3. to breach; to violate
    4. to neglect; to miss
    5. mistake; fault; wrongdoing
    6. 75th tetragram of the Taixuanjing; "failure" (𝍐)

    Compounds

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    Pronunciation 2

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    Definitions

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    1. Alternative form of (, to flee; to run away)
    2. Alternative form of (to ignore; indulgent)

    Japanese

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    Kanji

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    (Fourth grade kyōiku kanji)

    1. mistake, disadvantage
    2. loss, lose

    Readings

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    Korean

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    Hanja

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    (eumhun 잃을 (ireul sil))

    1. hanja form? of (loss)

    Compounds

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    Vietnamese

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    Han character

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    : Hán Nôm readings: thất, thắt

    Verb

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    (thất)

    1. chữ Hán form of thất.
      1. to lose something
      2. to make a mistake; to blunder; to contravene; to infringe; to violate
      3. to miss