σταυρός
Ancient Greek
Etymology
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(deprecated template usage) From Proto-Indo-European *steh₂- (“to stand”). See ῐ̔́στημῐ (hístēmi). Cognate with Icelandic staur (“a stake, pole”), English stour (“stake, pole”), Swedish stör. Compare also staff.
Pronunciation
- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /stau̯.rós/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /stawˈros/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /staˈβros/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /staˈvros/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /staˈvros/
Noun
σταυρός • (staurós) m (genitive σταυροῦ); second declension
- upright stake or pile
- crucifix
- 70 CE – 110 CE, The Gospel of Matthew 27:40:
- εἰ υἱὸς εἶ τοῦ θεοῦ, κατάβηθι απὸ τοῦ σταυροῦ.
- ei huiòs eî toû theoû, katábēthi apò toû stauroû.
- If you are the son of God, come down from the cross!
- εἰ υἱὸς εἶ τοῦ θεοῦ, κατάβηθι απὸ τοῦ σταυροῦ.
Inflection
Case / # | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nominative | ὁ σταυρός ho staurós |
τὼ σταυρώ tṑ staurṓ |
οἱ σταυροί hoi stauroí | ||||||||||
Genitive | τοῦ σταυροῦ toû stauroû |
τοῖν σταυροῖν toîn stauroîn |
τῶν σταυρῶν tôn staurôn | ||||||||||
Dative | τῷ σταυρῷ tôi staurôi |
τοῖν σταυροῖν toîn stauroîn |
τοῖς σταυροῖς toîs stauroîs | ||||||||||
Accusative | τὸν σταυρόν tòn staurón |
τὼ σταυρώ tṑ staurṓ |
τοὺς σταυρούς toùs stauroús | ||||||||||
Vocative | σταυρέ stauré |
σταυρώ staurṓ |
σταυροί stauroí | ||||||||||
Notes: |
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Synonyms
Derived terms
- ᾰ̓νᾰσταυρῐ́ζω (anastaurízō)
- ᾰ̓νᾰσταυρόω (anastauróō)
- ᾰ̓νᾰσταύρωσῐς (anastaúrōsis)
- ᾰ̓ποσταυρόω (apostauróō)
- δῐᾰσταυρόω (diastauróō)
- πᾰρᾰσταυρόω (parastauróō)
- περῐσταυρόω (peristauróō)
- περῐσταύρωμᾰ (peristaúrōma)
- προᾰποσταυρόω (proapostauróō)
- προσσταυρόω (prosstauróō)
- προσταυρόω (prostauróō)
- σταυρῐκός (staurikós)
- σταυρῐ́ον (stauríon)
- σταυροειδής (stauroeidḗs)
- σταυροφόρος (staurophóros)
- σταυρόω (stauróō)
- σταύρωμᾰ (staúrōma)
- σταύρωσῐς (staúrōsis)
- στεφᾰνοσταύριον (stephanostaúrion)
- σῠσταυρόομαι (sustauróomai)
Descendants
Further reading
- “σταυρός”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- σταυρός in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- σταυρός in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
- G4716 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
- Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language[1], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
Greek
Etymology
From Ancient Greek σταυρός (staurós).
Pronunciation
Noun
σταυρός • (stavrós) m (plural σταυροί)
- cross (geometrical figure)
- Επειδή ο παππούς μου είναι αγράμματος, υπογράφει με σταυρό. ― Epeidí o pappoús mou eínai agrámmatos, ypográfei me stavró. ― Since my grandfather is illiterate, he signs with a cross.
- (Christianity) cross, crucifix (cross on which one is crucified; usually refers to the one upon which Jesus Christ died)
- Ο Χριστός πέθανε πάνω στο σταυρό. ― O Christós péthane páno sto stavró. ― Christ died on the cross.
- (figuratively) cross (difficult situation that must be endured)
- Ο καθένας σηκώνει μεγάλο σταυρό. ― O kathénas sikónei megálo stavró. ― Everyone has their own cross to bear.
- (Christianity) cross, crucifix (representation of the crucifixion stake of Christ worn or displayed by Christians)
- Ο αρχιεπίσκοπος φοράει χρυσό σταυρό. ― O archiepískopos foráei chrysó stavró. ― The archbishop is wearing a gold cross.
- (Christianity) sign of the cross (gesture of the hand moving over the front of one's body in the shape of a cross)
- κάνω τον σταυρό μου ― káno ton stavró mou ― I bless myself/I make the sign of the cross
- (puppetry) control bar (wooden device used to control marionettes)
- (anatomy, colloquial) glabella (space between the eyebrows and the nose)
- (gymnastics) Iron Cross (maneuver in which both arms are extended straight out from the sides of the body while suspended mid air and holding onto rings)
Declension
Declension of σταυρός
Derived terms
- σταυρώνω (stavróno, “to crucify, to cross”)
- σταυροδρόμι n (stavrodrómi, “crossroads”)
- σταυρόλεξο n (stavrólexo, “crossword”)
- σταυρόνημα n (stavrónima, “reticle, crosshairs”)
- σταυροφορία f (stavroforía, “crusade”)
- Ερυθρός Σταυρός m (Erythrós Stavrós, “Red Cross”)
- Σταυρός του Νότου m (Stavrós tou Nótou, “Crux, Southern Cross”)
- Βόρειος σταυρός m (Vóreios stavrós, “Cygnus”) (constellation)
- πλάγιος σταυρός m (plágios stavrós, “saltire, diagonal cross”)
Descendants
- → Gagauz: stavroz
Categories:
- Ancient Greek terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Ancient Greek 2-syllable words
- Ancient Greek terms with IPA pronunciation
- Ancient Greek lemmas
- Ancient Greek nouns
- Ancient Greek oxytone terms
- Ancient Greek masculine nouns
- Ancient Greek second-declension nouns
- Ancient Greek masculine nouns in the second declension
- Ancient Greek terms with quotations
- Greek terms inherited from Ancient Greek
- Greek terms derived from Ancient Greek
- Greek terms with IPA pronunciation
- Greek lemmas
- Greek nouns
- Greek masculine nouns
- Greek terms with usage examples
- el:Christianity
- el:Anatomy
- Greek colloquialisms
- el:Gymnastics
- Greek nouns declining like 'αδελφός'