без

See also: беҙ and без-

Bulgarian

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *bez, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeǵʰ-

Preposition

без • (bez)

1. without (not having)

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Karachay-Balkar

Noun

без • (bez)

1. gland

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Kazakh

Alternative scripts
Arabic	بەز
Cyrillic	без
Latin	bez
Yañalif	ʙez

Noun

без • (bez)

1. gland

   ұйқы безі

   ūiqy bezı

   pancreas

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Macedonian

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *bez.

Preposition

без • (bez)

1. without

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Old Church Slavonic

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *bez.

Preposition

без • (bez)

1. without

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Russian

Alternative forms

• безъ (bez) (Pre-reform orthography (1918))

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *bez (“without”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeǵʰ-

Cognate with Lithuanian bè (“without; besides”), Latvian bez (“without”), Old Prussian bhe (“without”), Sanskrit बहिस् (bahís, “outside”), Persian بی (bi, “without”)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [bʲɪs]

• audio

  (file)

• Homophone: бес (bes)
• Rhymes: -es

Preposition

без • (bez) (+ genitive case)

1. without

   без воды́ ― bez vodý ― without water

   бе́зо всего́ ― bézo vsevó ― without anything

   не без интере́са ― ne bez interésa ― not without interest

   без сомне́ния ― bez somnénija ― without doubt

   Не могу́ жить без тебя́

   Ne mogú žitʹ bez tebjá

   I can't live without you.

2. minus

   без че́тверти час ― bez čétverti čas ― a quarter to one (literally, “less a quarter one o’clock”)

Usage notes

бе́зо (bézo) is used before some awkward consonant clusters.

Related terms

• без- (bez-)

References

• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “без”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
• Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1975), “*bez(ъ)”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 02 (*bez – *bratrъ), Moscow: Nauka, page 7

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Serbo-Croatian

Etymology 1

From Proto-Slavic *bez. Compare без- and бес-.

Alternative forms

• (regional): брез, пре̏з, preza

Preposition

бѐз (Latin spelling bèz) (+ genitive case)

1. without, excluding, not counting

   без сумње ― without a doubt

   остати без нечега ― to lose something, to run out of something, (literally: to stay without something)

   без обзира на.. ― regardless of.., no matter what..is

   без краја и конца ― endlessly, without end

   не без разлога ― not without a reason

   без срца ― heartlessly, without a heart

   без р(иј)ечи ― without a word, speechless

   бити без нечега ― to be lacking in, to be deficient in, to lack (literally: to be without something)

Related terms

• без-, бес-

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish بز (bez), from Arabic بَزّ (bazz). Akin to безистан, безли, бесофра and беспара.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /bêz/

Noun

бе̏з m (Latin spelling bȅz)

1. linen, canvas
2. (specifically) a type of cotton-made linen or canvas used in Oriental costumes, of several possible forms: ћереће, седелук, kafez or кафез-без, мелез, харир, шејтанбез and харирбез.

Declension

Declension of без

	singular
nominative	без
genitive	беза
dative	безу
accusative	без
vocative	безу
locative	безу
instrumental	безом

References

• “без” in Hrvatski jezični portal
• “без” in Hrvatski jezični portal
• Škaljić, Abdulah (1966) Turcizmi u srpskohrvatskom jeziku, Sarajevo: Svjetlost, page 140

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Ukrainian

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *bez, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeǵʰ-

Pronunciation

• Audio

  (file)

Preposition

без • (bez)

1. without (not having)

Further reading

• Bilodid, I. K., editor (1970–1980), “без”, in Словник української мови: в 11 т. [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language: in 11 vols] (in Ukrainian), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka