بز

See also: پز, پر, تز, ثر, بر, بژ, and تر

Arabic

FWOTD – 2 November 2020

Etymology 1

Cognate to Aramaic בִּיזָא, ܒܷܙܐ (bizzā, “teat”), בּוּזָא (buzzā, “teat”), Ugaritic 𐎁𐎑 (bẓ, “teat”). Differently Akkadian 𒍣𒍣𒂊 (/⁠zīzu⁠/, “teat”), Hebrew זִיז (zīz, “abundance, teat, protuberance”), Hebrew דַּד (dad, “teat”), Aramaic דַּדָּא (daddā, “teat”).

Noun

بِزّ or بُزّ • (bizz or buzz) m (plural بِزَاز (bizāz) or أَبْزَاز (ʔabzāz))

2. teat, mamma

Declension

Declension of noun بِزّ (bizz)‎; بُزّ (buzz)

singular	basic singular triptote
	indefinite	definite	construct
informal	بِزّ‎; بُزّ bizz‎; buzz	الْبِزّ‎; الْبُزّ al-bizz‎; al-buzz	بِزّ‎; بُزّ bizz‎; buzz
nominative	بِزٌّ‎; بُزٌّ bizzun‎; buzzun	الْبِزُّ‎; الْبُزُّ al-bizzu‎; al-buzzu	بِزُّ‎; بُزُّ bizzu‎; buzzu
accusative	بِزًّا‎; بُزًّا bizzan‎; buzzan	الْبِزَّ‎; الْبُزَّ al-bizza‎; al-buzza	بِزَّ‎; بُزَّ bizza‎; buzza
genitive	بِزٍّ‎; بُزٍّ bizzin‎; buzzin	الْبِزِّ‎; الْبُزِّ al-bizzi‎; al-buzzi	بِزِّ‎; بُزِّ bizzi‎; buzzi
dual	indefinite	definite	construct
informal	بِزَّيْن‎; بُزَّيْن bizzayn‎; buzzayn	الْبِزَّيْن‎; الْبُزَّيْن al-bizzayn‎; al-buzzayn	بِزَّيْ‎; بُزَّيْ bizzay‎; buzzay
nominative	بِزَّانِ‎; بُزَّانِ bizzāni‎; buzzāni	الْبِزَّانِ‎; الْبُزَّانِ al-bizzāni‎; al-buzzāni	بِزَّا‎; بُزَّا bizzā‎; buzzā
accusative	بِزَّيْنِ‎; بُزَّيْنِ bizzayni‎; buzzayni	الْبِزَّيْنِ‎; الْبُزَّيْنِ al-bizzayni‎; al-buzzayni	بِزَّيْ‎; بُزَّيْ bizzay‎; buzzay
genitive	بِزَّيْنِ‎; بُزَّيْنِ bizzayni‎; buzzayni	الْبِزَّيْنِ‎; الْبُزَّيْنِ al-bizzayni‎; al-buzzayni	بِزَّيْ‎; بُزَّيْ bizzay‎; buzzay
plural	basic broken plural triptote
	indefinite	definite	construct
informal	بِزَاز‎; أَبْزَاز bizāz‎; ʔabzāz	الْبِزَاز‎; الْأَبْزَاز al-bizāz‎; al-ʔabzāz	بِزَاز‎; أَبْزَاز bizāz‎; ʔabzāz
nominative	بِزَازٌ‎; أَبْزَازٌ bizāzun‎; ʔabzāzun	الْبِزَازُ‎; الْأَبْزَازُ al-bizāzu‎; al-ʔabzāzu	بِزَازُ‎; أَبْزَازُ bizāzu‎; ʔabzāzu
accusative	بِزَازًا‎; أَبْزَازًا bizāzan‎; ʔabzāzan	الْبِزَازَ‎; الْأَبْزَازَ al-bizāza‎; al-ʔabzāza	بِزَازَ‎; أَبْزَازَ bizāza‎; ʔabzāza
genitive	بِزَازٍ‎; أَبْزَازٍ bizāzin‎; ʔabzāzin	الْبِزَازِ‎; الْأَبْزَازِ al-bizāzi‎; al-ʔabzāzi	بِزَازِ‎; أَبْزَازِ bizāzi‎; ʔabzāzi

Derived terms

• بَزَّازَة (bazzāza, “soother”)

Etymology 2

Ultimately a re-borrowing from what was originally a Semitic source (Akkadian 𒁍𒌋𒋗 (bu-u-ṣu /⁠būṣu⁠/)); see also بِزَّة (bizza, “suit”).

• Borrowed from Old Armenian բեհեզ (behez) or the earlier Old Armenian *բեեզ (*beez)
• Alternatively, a clipping of بُزْيُون (buzyūn, “a kind of silk garment”), from Byzantine Greek βυσσίνη (bussínē), or from Ancient Greek βύσσος (bússos, “a very fine yellowish flax and the linen woven from it”).

Noun

بَزّ • (bazz) m (plural بُزُوز (buzūz))

2. (now regional) garment, raiment, weed
   • 7th century CE, Jamīʿ at-Tirmiḏiyy, 14:12:

     قَدِمَ بَزٌّ مِنَ ٱلشَّامِ لِفُلَانٍ الْيَهُودِيِّ

     qadima bazzun mina š-šāmi lifulānin al-yahūdiyyi

     Some clothing arrived from the north for so-and-so, the Jew.

   • 7th century CE, Muwaṭṭaʾ Mālik, section 31:

     قَالَ مَالِكٌ فِي الرَّجُلِ يَشْتَرِي الإِبِلَ أَوِ الْغَنَمَ أَوِ الْبَزَّ أَوِ الرَّقِيقَ أَوْ شَيْئًا مِنَ الْعُرُوضِ جِزَافًا إِنَّهُ لَا يَكُونُ الْجِزَافُ فِي شَىْءٍ مِمَّا يُعَدُّ عَدًّا.

     qāla mālikun fī r-rajuli yaštarī l-ʔibila ʔawi l-ḡanama ʔawi l-bazza ʔawi r-raqīqa ʔaw šayʔan mina l-ʕurūḍi jizāfan ʔinnahu lā yakūnu l-jizāfu fī šāʔin mimmā yuʕaddu ʕaddan.

     Malik said about a man who bought camels and sheep and clothing and slaves and any larger good without measuring precisely that there is no wholesale acquisition of a thing that can be counted.

Declension

Declension of noun بَزّ (bazz)

singular	basic singular triptote
	indefinite	definite	construct
informal	بَزّ bazz	الْبَزّ al-bazz	بَزّ bazz
nominative	بَزٌّ bazzun	الْبَزُّ al-bazzu	بَزُّ bazzu
accusative	بَزًّا bazzan	الْبَزَّ al-bazza	بَزَّ bazza
genitive	بَزٍّ bazzin	الْبَزِّ al-bazzi	بَزِّ bazzi
dual	indefinite	definite	construct
informal	بَزَّيْن bazzayn	الْبَزَّيْن al-bazzayn	بَزَّيْ bazzay
nominative	بَزَّانِ bazzāni	الْبَزَّانِ al-bazzāni	بَزَّا bazzā
accusative	بَزَّيْنِ bazzayni	الْبَزَّيْنِ al-bazzayni	بَزَّيْ bazzay
genitive	بَزَّيْنِ bazzayni	الْبَزَّيْنِ al-bazzayni	بَزَّيْ bazzay
plural	basic broken plural triptote
	indefinite	definite	construct
informal	بُزُوز buzūz	الْبُزُوز al-buzūz	بُزُوز buzūz
nominative	بُزُوزٌ buzūzun	الْبُزُوزُ al-buzūzu	بُزُوزُ buzūzu
accusative	بُزُوزًا buzūzan	الْبُزُوزَ al-buzūza	بُزُوزَ buzūza
genitive	بُزُوزٍ buzūzin	الْبُزُوزِ al-buzūzi	بُزُوزِ buzūzi

Derived terms

• بَزَّاز (bazzāz, “garment salesman”)
• بِزَازَة (bizāza, “garment trade”)
• بَزَّ (bazza, “to strip off, to spoil, to remove by force”)
• اِبْتَزَّ (ibtazza, “to strip off, to spoil, to remove by force”)

Descendants

• → Azerbaijani: bəz
• → Ottoman Turkish: بز (bez), պէզ (bez) — Armeno-Turkish
  • Turkish: bez
  • → Crimean Tatar: böz
    • → Chuvash: пӳс (püs)
  • → Laz: ბეზი (bezi)
  • → Russian: бязь (bjazʹ), безь (bezʹ)
  • → Serbo-Croatian:

    Cyrillic script: бе̏з

    Latin script: bȅz

• → Middle Mongol: ᠪᠥᠰ (bös) (probably via a Turkic language)
  • ⇒ Mongolian: бөс (bös)
    • → Manchu: ᠪᠣᠰᠣ (boso)
      • → Nanai: босо (boso)
      • → Nivkh: пос (pos)
• → Old Italian: albagio
  • →? Campidanese: orbaci (either via Old Italian or directly from Arabic)
    • → Italian: orbace
  • →? Logudorese: arvatze (either via Old Italian or directly from Arabic)
  • →? Nuorese: orbace (either via Old Italian or directly from Arabic)

Etymology 3

Apparently denominal verb of بَزّ (bazz, “clothing”).

Verb

بَزَّ • (bazza) I (non-past يَبُزُّ (yabuzzu), verbal noun بَزّ (bazz))

2. to strip off, to spoil, to remove by force

   مَن عَزَّ بَزَّ. ― man ʕazza bazza. ― He who overcomes takes the spoil.

Conjugation

Conjugation of بَزَّ (I, geminate, a ~ u, full passive (?), verbal noun بَزّ)

verbal noun الْمَصْدَر						بَزّ bazz
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل						بَازّ bāzz
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول						مَبْزُوز mabzūz
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	بَزَزْتُ bazaztu	بَزَزْتَ bazazta	بَزَّ bazza		بَزَزْتُمَا bazaztumā	بَزَّا bazzā		بَزَزْنَا bazaznā	بَزَزْتُمْ bazaztum	بَزُّوا bazzū
	f		بَزَزْتِ bazazti	بَزَّتْ bazzat			بَزَّتَا bazzatā			بَزَزْتُنَّ bazaztunna	بَزَزْنَ bazazna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أَبُزُّ ʔabuzzu	تَبُزُّ tabuzzu	يَبُزُّ yabuzzu		تَبُزَّانِ tabuzzāni	يَبُزَّانِ yabuzzāni		نَبُزُّ nabuzzu	تَبُزُّونَ tabuzzūna	يَبُزُّونَ yabuzzūna
	f		تَبُزِّينَ tabuzzīna	تَبُزُّ tabuzzu			تَبُزَّانِ tabuzzāni			تَبْزُزْنَ tabzuzna	يَبْزُزْنَ yabzuzna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أَبُزَّ ʔabuzza	تَبُزَّ tabuzza	يَبُزَّ yabuzza		تَبُزَّا tabuzzā	يَبُزَّا yabuzzā		نَبُزَّ nabuzza	تَبُزُّوا tabuzzū	يَبُزُّوا yabuzzū
	f		تَبُزِّي tabuzzī	تَبُزَّ tabuzza			تَبُزَّا tabuzzā			تَبْزُزْنَ tabzuzna	يَبْزُزْنَ yabzuzna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أَبُزَّ, أَبُزِّ, أَبْزُزْ ʔabuzza, ʔabuzzi, ʔabzuz	تَبُزَّ, تَبُزِّ, تَبْزُزْ tabuzza, tabuzzi, tabzuz	يَبُزَّ, يَبُزِّ, يَبْزُزْ yabuzza, yabuzzi, yabzuz		تَبُزَّا tabuzzā	يَبُزَّا yabuzzā		نَبُزَّ, نَبُزِّ, نَبْزُزْ nabuzza, nabuzzi, nabzuz	تَبُزُّوا tabuzzū	يَبُزُّوا yabuzzū
	f		تَبُزِّي tabuzzī	تَبُزَّ, تَبُزِّ, تَبْزُزْ tabuzza, tabuzzi, tabzuz			تَبُزَّا tabuzzā			تَبْزُزْنَ tabzuzna	يَبْزُزْنَ yabzuzna
imperative الْأَمْر	m		بُزَّ, بُزِّ, اُبْزُزْ buzza, buzzi, ubzuz			بُزَّا buzzā				بُزُّوا buzzū
	f		بُزِّي buzzī							اُبْزُزْنَ ubzuzna
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	بُزِزْتُ buziztu	بُزِزْتَ buzizta	بُزَّ buzza		بُزِزْتُمَا buziztumā	بُزَّا buzzā		بُزِزْنَا buziznā	بُزِزْتُمْ buziztum	بُزُّوا buzzū
	f		بُزِزْتِ buzizti	بُزَّتْ buzzat			بُزَّتَا buzzatā			بُزِزْتُنَّ buziztunna	بُزِزْنَ buzizna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أُبَزُّ ʔubazzu	تُبَزُّ tubazzu	يُبَزُّ yubazzu		تُبَزَّانِ tubazzāni	يُبَزَّانِ yubazzāni		نُبَزُّ nubazzu	تُبَزُّونَ tubazzūna	يُبَزُّونَ yubazzūna
	f		تُبَزِّينَ tubazzīna	تُبَزُّ tubazzu			تُبَزَّانِ tubazzāni			تُبْزَزْنَ tubzazna	يُبْزَزْنَ yubzazna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أُبَزَّ ʔubazza	تُبَزَّ tubazza	يُبَزَّ yubazza		تُبَزَّا tubazzā	يُبَزَّا yubazzā		نُبَزَّ nubazza	تُبَزُّوا tubazzū	يُبَزُّوا yubazzū
	f		تُبَزِّي tubazzī	تُبَزَّ tubazza			تُبَزَّا tubazzā			تُبْزَزْنَ tubzazna	يُبْزَزْنَ yubzazna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أُبَزَّ, أُبَزِّ, أُبْزَزْ ʔubazza, ʔubazzi, ʔubzaz	تُبَزَّ, تُبَزِّ, تُبْزَزْ tubazza, tubazzi, tubzaz	يُبَزَّ, يُبَزِّ, يُبْزَزْ yubazza, yubazzi, yubzaz		تُبَزَّا tubazzā	يُبَزَّا yubazzā		نُبَزَّ, نُبَزِّ, نُبْزَزْ nubazza, nubazzi, nubzaz	تُبَزُّوا tubazzū	يُبَزُّوا yubazzū
	f		تُبَزِّي tubazzī	تُبَزَّ, تُبَزِّ, تُبْزَزْ tubazza, tubazzi, tubzaz			تُبَزَّا tubazzā			تُبْزَزْنَ tubzazna	يُبْزَزْنَ yubzazna

Noun

بَزّ • (bazz) m

2. verbal noun of بَزَّ (bazza) (form I)

Declension

Declension of noun بَزّ (bazz)

singular	basic singular triptote
	indefinite	definite	construct
informal	بَزّ bazz	الْبَزّ al-bazz	بَزّ bazz
nominative	بَزٌّ bazzun	الْبَزُّ al-bazzu	بَزُّ bazzu
accusative	بَزًّا bazzan	الْبَزَّ al-bazza	بَزَّ bazza
genitive	بَزٍّ bazzin	الْبَزِّ al-bazzi	بَزِّ bazzi

References

• Dozy, Reinhart Pieter Anne (1881), “بز”, in Supplément aux dictionnaires arabes‎^[1] (in French), volume 1, Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 80
• Fraenkel, Siegmund (1886), Die aramäischen Fremdwörter im Arabischen (in German), Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 42
• Freytag, Georg (1830), “بز”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum‎^[2] (in Latin), volume 1, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, pages 116–117
• Freytag, Georg (1830), “بزيون”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum‎^[3] (in Latin), volume 1, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, page 119
• Kazimirski, Albin de Biberstein (1860), “بز”, in Dictionnaire arabe-français contenant toutes les racines de la langue arabe, leurs dérivés, tant dans l’idiome vulgaire que dans l’idiome littéral, ainsi que les dialectes d’Alger et de Maroc‎^[4] (in French), volume 1, Paris: Maisonneuve et C^ie, page 120
• Lane, Edward William (1863-1893), “بز”, in Arabic-English Lexicon, London: Williams & Norgate, page 198.
• Wehr, Hans (1979), “بز”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN, page 70
• Wehr, Hans with Kropfitsch, Lorenz (1985), “بز”, in Arabisches Wörterbuch für die Schriftsprache der Gegenwart‎^[5] (in German), 5th edition, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, published 2011, →ISBN, page 86

Azerbaijani

Pronoun

بز

1. alternative spelling of بیز

Bakhtiari

Noun

بز (boz)

1. goat

Karakhanid

Alternative forms

• مِزْ (miz)

Etymology

From Proto-Turkic *bi-ŕ (“we”). Cognate with Turkish biz (“we”), Old Turkic 𐰋𐰃𐰕 (biz, “we”).

Pronoun

بز (biz)

1. we

Related terms

• مَنْ (men)
• مِزْ (-miz)

Kermanic

Alternative forms

• بزە (buzä) (Khunsari)
• بوزە (būzä) (Soi)

Etymology

Inherited from Middle Median *buz, from Old Median *buzah, from Proto-Iranian *bujáh, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *bʰuȷ́ás, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰuǵ-.

Pronunciation

• (Farizandi, Natanzi, Yarandi) IPA^(key): /boz/
• (Gazi, Kafroni, Kese'i, Khunsari, Sedehi, Vonishuni, Zefre'i) IPA^(key): /buz/
• (Mahallati) IPA^(key): /biz/
• (Qohrudi) IPA^(key): /bøz/
• (Yazdi) IPA^(key): /bu̞z/

Noun

بز (buz)

1. goat

Mazanderani

Etymology

From Proto-Iranian *bujáh.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /bɛz/, /bɤz/

Noun

بز (bez)

1. goat

Old Anatolian Turkish

Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *bi-ŕ (“we”). Cognate with Old Turkic 𐰋𐰃𐰕 (biz, “we”).

Pronoun

بِزْ • (biz)

1. we (first person plural pronoun)

Descendants

• Azerbaijani: biz
• Gagauz: biz
• Ottoman Turkish: بز (biz)
  • Turkish: biz

Etymology 2

From either Proto-Turkic *bẹńŕ (“swelling, scar, ulcer”), or *beŕ (“swelling, gland”).

Noun

بَزْ • (bäz)

1. (anatomy) gland

Descendants

• Azerbaijani: vəzi, (dialectal) bəz
• Gagauz: bez
• Ottoman Turkish: بز (bez)
  • Turkish: bez

Etymology 3

Borrowed from Arabic بَزّ (bazz), although probably under the influence of Byzantine Greek βύσσος (bússos) Cognates include Old Turkic 𐰋𐰕 (böz), Karakhanid بُوزْ (bȫz), Chagatai بوز (böz), Uyghur بۆز (böz), Turkmen biz and Chuvash пир (pir).

Noun

بَزْ • (bez)

1. cloth, fabric

Descendants

• Gagauz: bez
• Ottoman Turkish: بز
  • Turkish: bez
  • → Crimean Tatar: böz
    • → Chuvash: пӳс (püs)
  • → Laz: ბეზი (bezi)
  • → Russian: бязь (bjazʹ), безь (bezʹ)
  • → Serbo-Croatian:

    Cyrillic script: бе̏з

    Latin script: bȅz

Ottoman Turkish

Etymology 1

From Proto-Turkic *bi-ŕ (“we”). Cognate with Old Turkic 𐰋𐰃𐰕 (biz, “we”).

Alternative forms

• պիզ (biz) — Armeno-Turkish

Pronoun

بز • (biz)

2. we

Descendants

• Turkish: biz

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Persian بز (boz).

Alternative forms

• بوز (büz)
• պիւզ (büz) — Armeno-Turkish

Noun

بز • (büz)

2. goat

   Synonym: كچی (keçi)

Etymology 3

Borrowed from Arabic بَزّ (bazz), although probably under the influence of Byzantine Greek βύσσος (bússos). Cognates include Old Turkic 𐰋𐰕 (böz), Karakhanid بُوزْ (bȫz), Chagatai بوز (böz), Uyghur بۆز (böz), Turkmen biz and Chuvash пир (pir).

Alternative forms

• պէզ (bez) — Armeno-Turkish

Noun

بز • (bez)

2. cloth, vestment, fabric (a generic term, indistinctive of whether it is a fabric or a garment)

Descendants

• Turkish: bez
• → Crimean Tatar: böz
  • → Chuvash: пӳс (püs)
• → Laz: ბეზი (bezi)
• → Russian: бязь (bjazʹ), безь (bezʹ)
• → Serbo-Croatian:

  Cyrillic script: бе̏з

  Latin script: bȅz

Etymology 4

From either Proto-Turkic *bẹńŕ (“swelling, scar, ulcer”), or *ber (“swelling, gland”).

Alternative forms

• պէզ (bez) — Armeno-Turkish

Noun

بز • (bez)

2. (anatomy) gland

Descendants

• Turkish: bez

Persian

Alternative forms

• بج (buj) (Classical Persian)

Etymology

Inherited from Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (AZ /⁠buz⁠/), [Book Pahlavi needed] (bwc /⁠buz⁠/), from Proto-Iranian *bujáh, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *bʰuȷ́ás, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰūǵ-o-s, from *bʰuǵ- (“buck, he-goat”). Cognate with English buck (“male goat”), Thracian *būzas.

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): /ˈbuz/

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [bʊz]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [bʊz]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [bʊz]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [buz]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [boz]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [buz]

Readings
Classical reading?	buz
Dari reading?	buz
Iranian reading?	boz
Tajik reading?	buz

• Audio (Iran):

  (file)

Noun

بز • (buz / boz) (plural بزها (buz-hā / boz-hâ), Tajik spelling буз)

1. goat
   • 11th century, Nāṣir Khusraw, “Qasīda 29”, in دیوان ناصرخسرو [Dīvān of Nāṣir Khusraw]‎^[6]:

     میش و بز و گاو و خر و پیل و شیر
     یکسره زین جانور اندر بلاست

     mēš u buz u gāw u xar u pīl u šēr
     yaksara z-īn jānwar andar balā-st

     Sheep and goats, cattle and donkeys, elephants and lions
     Are all of them afflicted by this animal [the human].

     (Classical Persian transliteration)

Further reading

• Hayyim, Sulayman (1934), “بز”, in New Persian–English dictionary, Teheran: Librairie-imprimerie Béroukhim
• Dehkhoda, Ali-Akbar (1931–), “بز”, in Dehkhoda Dictionary Institute, editors, Dehkhoda Dictionary (in Persian), Tehran: University of Tehran Press.