перед
See also: перёд
Russian
Alternative forms
- пе́редъ (péred) (Pre-reform orthography (1918))
- пе́редо (péredo) (before awkward consonant clusters)
Etymology
From Old East Slavic передъ (peredŭ), from Proto-Slavic *perdъ, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *per-, whence also пере- (pere-), перез (perez). Doublet of пред (pred), a borrowing from Old Church Slavonic.
Pronunciation
Preposition
пе́ред • (péred) (+ instrumental case)
- in front of, before
- right/immediately before
Usage notes
- The preposition takes nouns in the instrumental case.
- Пе́ред and до (do) have similar meanings, but they are not interchangeable.
- When speaking about time:
- до моме́нта (do moménta) can mean quite a long time, whereas пе́ред моме́нтом (péred moméntom) means just before the very moment.
- Examples:
- Дава́й встре́тимся до рабо́ты.
- Daváj vstrétimsja do rabóty.
- Let’s meet before work.
- (any time between now and when we start work, and the meeting could be anywhere)
- Дава́й встре́тимся пе́ред рабо́той.
- Daváj vstrétimsja péred rabótoj.
- Let’s meet before work.
- (just before we start work, immediately before work, and probably at the job site)
- When speaking about space:
- When speaking about time:
- The preposition пе́ред can be combined with са́мым (sámym). For example:
- Мы пригото́вились к экза́менам пе́ред са́мым обе́дом.
- My prigotóvilisʹ k ekzámenam péred sámym obédom.
- We prepared for the exams right before lunch.
- Sentences with пе́ред са́мым use perfective verbs. Compared to sentences with perfective verbs while using the ordinary пе́ред, it has a much shorter interval between the completed action/event and the particular action/event that the пе́ред са́мым modifies. Hence, пе́ред са́мым has a bigger emphasis meaning-wise than the ordinary пе́ред.
Synonyms
Derived terms
- пе́ред тем как (péred tem kak)
Noun
пе́ред • (péred) m inan (genitive пе́реда, nominative plural переда́, genitive plural передо́в)
Declension
Declension of пе́ред (inan masc-form hard-stem accent-c irreg)
Antonyms
- зад (zad)
Related terms
- пере́дний (perédnij)
- пере́дник (perédnik)
- передово́й (peredovój)
- передо́к (peredók)
- перёд (perjód)
References
- The template Template:R:ru:Chernykh does not use the parameter(s):
page=21
vol=2 Please see Module:checkparams for help with this warning.Chernykh, P. Ja. (1993) “перед”, in Историко-этимологический словарь русского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), 3rd edition, Moscow: Russian Lang., →ISBN
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “перед”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
Categories:
- Russian terms inherited from Old East Slavic
- Russian terms derived from Old East Slavic
- Russian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
- Russian terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Russian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Russian doublets
- Russian 2-syllable words
- Russian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Russian terms with audio links
- Russian lemmas
- Russian prepositions
- Russian terms with usage examples
- Russian nouns
- Russian masculine nouns
- Russian inanimate nouns
- Russian hard-stem masculine-form nouns
- Russian hard-stem masculine-form accent-c nouns
- Russian nouns with accent pattern c
- Russian nouns ending in a consonant with plural -а
- Russian irregular nouns
- Russian nouns with irregular nominative plural