شفق

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See also: شقق, سقف, and شقف

Arabic[edit]

Root
ش ف ق (š-f-q)

Verb[edit]

شَفَقَ • (šafaqa) I, non-past يَشْفُقُ or يَشْفِقُ‎ (yašfuqu or yašfiqu)

  1. (construed with عَلَى (ʕalā)) to feel compassion with, have mercy upon, pardon
  2. to love tenderly
  3. (obsolete) to feel anxiety, to be cautious

Conjugation[edit]

Conjugation of
شَفَقَ
(form-I sound, verbal nouns شَفَق or شَفَقَة)
verbal nouns
الْمَصَادِر
شَفَق or شَفَقَة

šafaq or šafaqa
active participle
اِسْم الْفَاعِل
šāfiq
passive participle
اِسْم الْمَفْعُول
mašfūq
active voice
الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
singular
الْمُفْرَد 		dual
الْمُثَنَّى 		plural
الْجَمْع
1st person
الْمُتَكَلِّم 		2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب 		3rd person
الْغَائِب 		2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب 		3rd person
الْغَائِب 		1st person
الْمُتَكَلِّم 		2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب 		3rd person
الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative
الْمَاضِي 		m
šafaqtu
šafaqta
شَفَقَ

šafaqa
šafaqtumā
šafaqā
šafaqnā
šafaqtum
šafaqū
f
šafaqti
šafaqat
šafaqatā
šafaqtunna
šafaqna
non-past (imperfect) indicative
الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع 		m
ʔašfuqu or ʔašfiqu
tašfuqu or tašfiqu
yašfuqu or yašfiqu
tašfuqāni or tašfiqāni
yašfuqāni or yašfiqāni
našfuqu or našfiqu
tašfuqūna or tašfiqūna
yašfuqūna or yašfiqūna
f
tašfuqīna or tašfiqīna
tašfuqu or tašfiqu
tašfuqāni or tašfiqāni
tašfuqna or tašfiqna
yašfuqna or yašfiqna
subjunctive
الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب 		m
ʔašfuqa or ʔašfiqa
tašfuqa or tašfiqa
yašfuqa or yašfiqa
tašfuqā or tašfiqā
yašfuqā or yašfiqā
našfuqa or našfiqa
tašfuqū or tašfiqū
yašfuqū or yašfiqū
f
tašfuqī or tašfiqī
tašfuqa or tašfiqa
tašfuqā or tašfiqā
tašfuqna or tašfiqna
yašfuqna or yašfiqna
jussive
الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم 		m
ʔašfuq or ʔašfiq
tašfuq or tašfiq
yašfuq or yašfiq
tašfuqā or tašfiqā
yašfuqā or yašfiqā
našfuq or našfiq
tašfuqū or tašfiqū
yašfuqū or yašfiqū
f
tašfuqī or tašfiqī
tašfuq or tašfiq
tašfuqā or tašfiqā
tašfuqna or tašfiqna
yašfuqna or yašfiqna
imperative
الْأَمْر 		m
ušfuq or išfiq
ušfuqā or išfiqā
ušfuqū or išfiqū
f
ušfuqī or išfiqī
ušfuqna or išfiqna
passive voice
الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول
singular
الْمُفْرَد 		dual
الْمُثَنَّى 		plural
الْجَمْع
1st person
الْمُتَكَلِّم 		2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب 		3rd person
الْغَائِب 		2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب 		3rd person
الْغَائِب 		1st person
الْمُتَكَلِّم 		2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب 		3rd person
الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative
الْمَاضِي 		m — —
شُفِقَ

šufiqa 		— — — — —
f — — — — —
non-past (imperfect) indicative
الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع 		m — —
yušfaqu 		— — — — —
f — — — — —
subjunctive
الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب 		m — —
yušfaqa 		— — — — —
f — — — — —
jussive
الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم 		m — —
yušfaq 		— — — — —
f — — — — —

Verb[edit]

شَفَّقَ • (šaffaqa) II, non-past يُشَفِّقُ‎ (yušaffiqu)

  1. (obsolete) to overcautiously produce in but a scanty fashion

Conjugation[edit]

Conjugation of
شَفَّقَ
(form-II sound)
verbal noun
الْمَصْدَر
tašfīq
active participle
اِسْم الْفَاعِل
mušaffiq
passive participle
اِسْم الْمَفْعُول
mušaffaq
active voice
الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
singular
الْمُفْرَد 		dual
الْمُثَنَّى 		plural
الْجَمْع
1st person
الْمُتَكَلِّم 		2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب 		3rd person
الْغَائِب 		2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب 		3rd person
الْغَائِب 		1st person
الْمُتَكَلِّم 		2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب 		3rd person
الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative
الْمَاضِي 		m
šaffaqtu
šaffaqta
شَفَّقَ

šaffaqa
šaffaqtumā
šaffaqā
šaffaqnā
šaffaqtum
šaffaqū
f
šaffaqti
šaffaqat
šaffaqatā
šaffaqtunna
šaffaqna
non-past (imperfect) indicative
الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع 		m
ʔušaffiqu
tušaffiqu
yušaffiqu
tušaffiqāni
yušaffiqāni
nušaffiqu
tušaffiqūna
yušaffiqūna
f
tušaffiqīna
tušaffiqu
tušaffiqāni
tušaffiqna
yušaffiqna
subjunctive
الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب 		m
ʔušaffiqa
tušaffiqa
yušaffiqa
tušaffiqā
yušaffiqā
nušaffiqa
tušaffiqū
yušaffiqū
f
tušaffiqī
tušaffiqa
tušaffiqā
tušaffiqna
yušaffiqna
jussive
الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم 		m
ʔušaffiq
tušaffiq
yušaffiq
tušaffiqā
yušaffiqā
nušaffiq
tušaffiqū
yušaffiqū
f
tušaffiqī
tušaffiq
tušaffiqā
tušaffiqna
yušaffiqna
imperative
الْأَمْر 		m
شَفِّقْ

šaffiq
šaffiqā
šaffiqū
f
šaffiqī
šaffiqna
passive voice
الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول
singular
الْمُفْرَد 		dual
الْمُثَنَّى 		plural
الْجَمْع
1st person
الْمُتَكَلِّم 		2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب 		3rd person
الْغَائِب 		2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب 		3rd person
الْغَائِب 		1st person
الْمُتَكَلِّم 		2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب 		3rd person
الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative
الْمَاضِي 		m
šuffiqtu
šuffiqta
شُفِّقَ

šuffiqa
šuffiqtumā
šuffiqā
šuffiqnā
šuffiqtum
šuffiqū
f
šuffiqti
šuffiqat
šuffiqatā
šuffiqtunna
šuffiqna
non-past (imperfect) indicative
الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع 		m
ʔušaffaqu
tušaffaqu
yušaffaqu
tušaffaqāni
yušaffaqāni
nušaffaqu
tušaffaqūna
yušaffaqūna
f
tušaffaqīna
tušaffaqu
tušaffaqāni
tušaffaqna
yušaffaqna
subjunctive
الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب 		m
ʔušaffaqa
tušaffaqa
yušaffaqa
tušaffaqā
yušaffaqā
nušaffaqa
tušaffaqū
yušaffaqū
f
tušaffaqī
tušaffaqa
tušaffaqā
tušaffaqna
yušaffaqna
jussive
الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم 		m
ʔušaffaq
tušaffaq
yušaffaq
tušaffaqā
yušaffaqā
nušaffaq
tušaffaqū
yušaffaqū
f
tušaffaqī
tušaffaq
tušaffaqā
tušaffaqna
yušaffaqna

Noun[edit]

شَفَق • (šafaq) m (plural أَشْفَاق (ʔašfāq))

  1. verbal noun of شَفَقَ (šafaqa, “to feel compassion with, have mercy upon”) (form I)
  2. compassion, tender sympathy
  3. ruddy light
    1. the evening twilight; afterglow, crepescule; gloaming
      Coordinate term: غَلَسَ (ḡalasa, “the morning twilight”)
  4. (obsolete) heed, anxiety, precaution
  5. (obsolete) a kind of tenuously red garment
  6. (obsolete) aloof region confining on a location, tract of the coast or the like (The addition of quotations indicative of this usage is being sought:)
    Synonyms: عِرَاق (ʕirāq), نَاحِيَة (nāḥiya), مَجَاز (majāz), عِرْض (ʕirḍ), سَوَاد (sawād), صُقْل (ṣuql), عَضُد (ʕaḍud)

Declension[edit]

Declension of noun شَفَق (šafaq)
Singular basic singular triptote
Indefinite Definite Construct
Informal شَفَق
šafaq 		الشَّفَق
aš-šafaq 		شَفَق
šafaq
Nominative شَفَقٌ
šafaqun 		الشَّفَقُ
aš-šafaqu 		شَفَقُ
šafaqu
Accusative شَفَقًا
šafaqan 		الشَّفَقَ
aš-šafaqa 		شَفَقَ
šafaqa
Genitive شَفَقٍ
šafaqin 		الشَّفَقِ
aš-šafaqi 		شَفَقِ
šafaqi
Dual Indefinite Definite Construct
Informal شَفَقَيْن
šafaqayn 		الشَّفَقَيْن
aš-šafaqayn 		شَفَقَيْ
šafaqay
Nominative شَفَقَانِ
šafaqāni 		الشَّفَقَانِ
aš-šafaqāni 		شَفَقَا
šafaqā
Accusative شَفَقَيْنِ
šafaqayni 		الشَّفَقَيْنِ
aš-šafaqayni 		شَفَقَيْ
šafaqay
Genitive شَفَقَيْنِ
šafaqayni 		الشَّفَقَيْنِ
aš-šafaqayni 		شَفَقَيْ
šafaqay
Plural basic broken plural triptote
Indefinite Definite Construct
Informal أَشْفَاق
ʔašfāq 		الْأَشْفَاق
al-ʔašfāq 		أَشْفَاق
ʔašfāq
Nominative أَشْفَاقٌ
ʔašfāqun 		الْأَشْفَاقُ
al-ʔašfāqu 		أَشْفَاقُ
ʔašfāqu
Accusative أَشْفَاقًا
ʔašfāqan 		الْأَشْفَاقَ
al-ʔašfāqa 		أَشْفَاقَ
ʔašfāqa
Genitive أَشْفَاقٍ
ʔašfāqin 		الْأَشْفَاقِ
al-ʔašfāqi 		أَشْفَاقِ
ʔašfāqi

Descendants[edit]

  • Maltese: xefaq
  • → Azerbaijani: şəfəq
  • → Kazakh: шапақ (şapaq)
  • → Northern Kurdish: şebeq
  • → Persian: شفق
  • → Turkish: şafak

References[edit]

  • Corriente, Federico, Pereira, Christophe, Vicente, Angeles, editors (2017), Dictionnaire du faisceau dialectal arabe andalou. Perspectives phraséologiques et étymologiques (in French), Berlin: De Gruyter, →ISBN, pages 715–716
  • Freytag, Georg (1833) “شفق”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum‎[1] (in Latin), volume 2, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, page 435
  • Kazimirski, Albin de Biberstein (1860) “شفق”, in Dictionnaire arabe-français contenant toutes les racines de la langue arabe, leurs dérivés, tant dans l’idiome vulgaire que dans l’idiome littéral, ainsi que les dialectes d’Alger et de Maroc‎[2] (in French), volume 1, Paris: Maisonneuve et Cie, pages 1249–1250
  • Lane, Edward William (1863) “شفق”, in Arabic-English Lexicon‎[3], London: Williams & Norgate, page 1573
  • Steingass, Francis Joseph (1884) “شفق”, in The Student's Arabic–English Dictionary‎[4], London: W.H. Allen, page 547
  • Wehr, Hans (1979) “شفق”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN, page 559
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