ضد
Arabic
[edit]Etymology 1.1
[edit]Likely related to Hebrew צד (tsád).
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]ضِدّ • (ḍidd) m (plural أَضْدَاد (ʔaḍdād))
- opposite, contrast
- اَلسَّوَادُ ضِدُّ الْبَيَاضِ ― as-sawādu ḍiddu l-bayāḍi ― The black is an opposite of the white.
- alike, equal, match, counterpart
- لَيْسَ لَهُ ضِدٌّ فِي ٱجْتِهَادِهِ
- laysa lahu ḍiddun fī jtihādihi
- There is no equivalent to his diligence.
- (semantics) word with two opposite meanings; auto-antonym
- antonym
- adversary, opponent
- antitoxin, antidote, anti-
Declension
[edit]| singular | basic singular triptote | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| indefinite | definite | construct | |
| informal | ضِدّ ḍidd |
الضِّدّ aḍ-ḍidd |
ضِدّ ḍidd |
| nominative | ضِدٌّ ḍiddun |
الضِّدُّ aḍ-ḍiddu |
ضِدُّ ḍiddu |
| accusative | ضِدًّا ḍiddan |
الضِّدَّ aḍ-ḍidda |
ضِدَّ ḍidda |
| genitive | ضِدٍّ ḍiddin |
الضِّدِّ aḍ-ḍiddi |
ضِدِّ ḍiddi |
| dual | indefinite | definite | construct |
| informal | ضِدَّيْن ḍiddayn |
الضِّدَّيْن aḍ-ḍiddayn |
ضِدَّيْ ḍidday |
| nominative | ضِدَّانِ ḍiddāni |
الضِّدَّانِ aḍ-ḍiddāni |
ضِدَّا ḍiddā |
| accusative | ضِدَّيْنِ ḍiddayni |
الضِّدَّيْنِ aḍ-ḍiddayni |
ضِدَّيْ ḍidday |
| genitive | ضِدَّيْنِ ḍiddayni |
الضِّدَّيْنِ aḍ-ḍiddayni |
ضِدَّيْ ḍidday |
| plural | basic broken plural triptote | ||
| indefinite | definite | construct | |
| informal | أَضْدَاد ʔaḍdād |
الْأَضْدَاد al-ʔaḍdād |
أَضْدَاد ʔaḍdād |
| nominative | أَضْدَادٌ ʔaḍdādun |
الْأَضْدَادُ al-ʔaḍdādu |
أَضْدَادُ ʔaḍdādu |
| accusative | أَضْدَادًا ʔaḍdādan |
الْأَضْدَادَ al-ʔaḍdāda |
أَضْدَادَ ʔaḍdāda |
| genitive | أَضْدَادٍ ʔaḍdādin |
الْأَضْدَادِ al-ʔaḍdādi |
أَضْدَادِ ʔaḍdādi |
Descendants
[edit]- → Azerbaijani: zidd
- → Crimean Tatar: zıt
- → Classical Persian: ضِدّ (zidd)
- > Persian: ضد (inherited)
- → Karaim: зыт
- → Krymchak: зыт
- → Ottoman Turkish: ضد (żıd, żıt)
- > Turkish: zıt (inherited)
- → Punjabi: ضِدّ (ẓidd)
- → Swahili: dhidi
- → Tatar: зыт (zıt)
- → Uyghur: زىت (zit)
- → Uzbek: zid
- → Middle Hindi: ضد (zid, zidd)
- > Urdu: ضِد (zid) (inherited)
Etymology 1.2
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Preposition
[edit]ضِدَّ • (ḍidda)
Inflection
[edit]| base form | ضِدَّ (ḍidda) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Personal-pronoun including forms | |||||
| singular | dual | plural | |||
| m | f | m | f | ||
| 1st person | ضِدِّي (ḍiddī) | ضِدَّنَا (ḍiddanā) | |||
| 2nd person | ضِدَّكَ (ḍiddaka) | ضِدَّكِ (ḍiddaki) | ضِدَّكُمَا (ḍiddakumā) | ضِدَّكُمْ (ḍiddakum) | ضِدَّكُنَّ (ḍiddakunna) |
| 3rd person | ضِدَّهُ (ḍiddahu) | ضِدَّهَا (ḍiddahā) | ضِدَّهُمَا (ḍiddahumā) | ضِدَّهُمْ (ḍiddahum) | ضِدَّهُنَّ (ḍiddahunna) |
Moroccan Arabic
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]Inherited from Arabic ضِدّ (ḍidd).
Noun
[edit]ضد • (ḍadd) m (plural ضدود (ḍdūd) or ضدودة (ḍdūda))
Etymology 2
[edit]Inherited from Arabic ضِدَّ (ḍidda).
Preposition
[edit]ضد • (ḍadd)
Inflection
[edit]| base form | ضد (ḍadd) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Personal-pronoun including forms | |||
| singular | plural | ||
| m | f | ||
| 1st person | ضدي (ḍaddi) | ضدنا (ḍaddna) | |
| 2nd person | ضدك (ḍaddak) | ضدكي (ḍaddki) | ضدكم (ḍaddkum) |
| 3rd person | ضده (ḍaddu) | ضدها (ḍaddha) | ضدهم (ḍaddhum) |
Persian
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]Borrowed from Arabic ضِدّ (ḍidd).
Pronunciation
[edit]- (Classical Persian) IPA(key): /ˈzidd/
- (Iran, formal) IPA(key): [zed̪̥(ː)]
- (Tajik, formal) IPA(key): [zid̪(ː)]
- Rhymes: -idd
| Readings | |
|---|---|
| Classical reading? | zidd |
| Dari reading? | zidd |
| Iranian reading? | zedd |
| Tajik reading? | zidd |
Adjective
[edit]| Dari | ضد |
|---|---|
| Iranian Persian | |
| Tajik | зид, зидд |
ضد • (zedd)
Noun
[edit]| Dari | ضد |
|---|---|
| Iranian Persian | |
| Tajik | зид, зидд |
ضد • (zedd)
- opposition
- contrary
- c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume I, verse 3865:
- که ز ضدها ضدها آمد پدید
در سویدا روشنایی آفرید- ki zi zidd-hā zidd-hā āmad padīd
dar suwaydā rōšanāyī afarīd - For contraries are manifested by means of contraries:
in the black core (of the heart) He (God) created the light (of love).
- ki zi zidd-hā zidd-hā āmad padīd
- adversary
Descendants
[edit]Etymology 2
[edit]From ضد (zedd) + ezafe.
Pronunciation
[edit]- (Classical Persian) IPA(key): /ˈzid.di/
- (Iran, formal) IPA(key): [zéd̪.d̪e]
- (Tajik, formal) IPA(key): [zíd̪.d̪i]
- Rhymes: -iddi
| Readings | |
|---|---|
| Classical reading? | zídd-i |
| Dari reading? | zidd-i |
| Iranian reading? | zedd-e |
| Tajik reading? | zidd-i |
Preposition
[edit]| Dari | ضد |
|---|---|
| Iranian Persian | |
| Tajik | зидди |
ضد • (zedd-e)
South Levantine Arabic
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Inherited from Arabic ضِدّ (ḍidd).
Pronunciation
[edit]Preposition
[edit]ضدّ • (ḍidd)
Urdu
[edit]Etymology
[edit]First attested in c. 1665 as Middle Hindi ضد (zid, zidd), borrowed from Classical Persian ضِدّ (zidd), itself from Arabic ضِدّ (ḍidd). Cognate with Punjabi ضِدّ (ẓidd).
Pronunciation
[edit]Adjective
[edit]ضِد • (zid) (indeclinable, Hindi spelling ज़िद)
- (formal) contrary; opposite
- 1987, آنریبل سیّد امیر علی [Honourable Sayyid Ameer Ali], translated by محمدؐ ہادی حسین [Muhammad Hadi Hussain], رُوحِ اِسْلَام [rūh-i islām, The Spirit of Islam][1], Lahore, pages 16-17:
- موت کے بعد انسان کی تقدیر کے بارے میں بدھ مت کا جو تصور تھا وہ برہمی نظریوں کی عین ضد تھا
- maut ke ba'd insān kī taqdīr ke bāre mẽ budh mat kā jo tasavvar thā vo barhamī nazariyõ kī 'ain zid thā
- The Buddhist concept of the destiny of man after death was completely opposite to Brahmanist theories.
Noun
[edit]ضِد • (zid) f (Hindi spelling ज़िद)
- stubbornness (connoted with ego; anger)
- 1986, شیخ محمد عبد اللہ [Sheikh Muhammad Abdullah], آتِشِ چِنار [ātiś-i cinār][2], Srinagar, →OCLC, page 514:
- انھوں نے بڑے اصرار کے ساتھ مجھ سے کہا کہ "ضِد چھوڑ دو۔ اِس معمولی بات پر معاملات کو بگڑنے نہ دو۔"
- unhõ ne baṛe isrār ke sāth mujh se kahā ki "zid choṛ do. is ma'mūlī bāt par mu'āmalāt ko bigaṛne na do."
- He insistently told me "Leave this stubbornness of yours. Don't let affairs deteriorate over this trivial matter."
- egotism, selfishness
- opposition, enmity, contrariety
- (semantics) antonym
Declension
[edit]| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| direct | ضِدّ (zidd) | ضِدّیں (ziddẽ) |
| oblique | ضِدّ (zidd) | ضِدّوں (ziddõ) |
| vocative | ضِدّ (zidd) | ضِدّو (ziddo) |
Derived terms
[edit]- ضِد کَرْنا (zid karnā, “to be stubborn; persistent”)
- ضِدّی (ziddī, “stubborn”)
Further reading
[edit]- “ضد”, in اُردُو لُغَت (urdū luġat) (in Urdu), Ministry of Education: Government of Pakistan, 2017.
- “ضد”, in ریخْتَہ لُغَت (rexta luġat) - Rekhta Dictionary [Urdu dictionary with meanings in Hindi & English], Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2026.
- Qureshi, Bashir Ahmad (1971), “ضد”, in Kitabistan's 20th Century Standard Dictionary, Lahore: Kitabistan Pub. Co.
- Platts, John T. (1884), “ضد”, in A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & Co., page 748
- Fallon, S. W. (1879), “ضد”, in A New Hindustani-English Dictionary, Banaras, London: Trubner and Co., page 835
- John Shakespear (1834), “ضد”, in A dictionary, Hindustani and English: with a copious index, fitting the work to serve, also, as a dictionary of English and Hindustani, 3rd edition, London: J.L. Cox and Son, →OCLC
Categories:
- Arabic terms belonging to the root ض د د
- Arabic 1-syllable words
- Arabic terms with IPA pronunciation
- Arabic lemmas
- Arabic nouns
- Arabic masculine nouns
- Arabic terms with usage examples
- ar:Semantics
- Arabic nouns with basic triptote singular
- Arabic nouns with broken plural
- Arabic nouns with basic triptote broken plural
- Arabic 2-syllable words
- Arabic terms with audio pronunciation
- Arabic prepositions
- Arabic autological terms
- Arabic contranyms
- Moroccan Arabic 1-syllable words
- Moroccan Arabic terms with IPA pronunciation
- Moroccan Arabic terms inherited from Arabic
- Moroccan Arabic terms derived from Arabic
- Moroccan Arabic lemmas
- Moroccan Arabic nouns
- Moroccan Arabic masculine nouns
- Moroccan Arabic prepositions
- Persian terms borrowed from Arabic
- Persian terms derived from Arabic
- Persian terms derived from the Arabic root ض د د
- Persian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Persian/idd
- Rhymes:Persian/idd/1 syllable
- Persian lemmas
- Persian adjectives
- Persian nouns
- Persian terms with quotations
- Rhymes:Persian/iddi
- Rhymes:Persian/iddi/2 syllables
- Persian prepositions
- South Levantine Arabic terms belonging to the root ض د د
- South Levantine Arabic terms inherited from Arabic
- South Levantine Arabic terms derived from Arabic
- South Levantine Arabic terms with IPA pronunciation
- South Levantine Arabic terms with audio pronunciation
- South Levantine Arabic lemmas
- South Levantine Arabic prepositions
- Urdu terms inherited from Middle Hindi
- Urdu terms derived from Middle Hindi
- Urdu terms borrowed from Classical Persian
- Urdu terms derived from Classical Persian
- Urdu terms derived from Arabic
- Urdu terms derived from the Arabic root ض د د
- Urdu terms with IPA pronunciation
- Urdu terms with audio pronunciation
- Rhymes:Urdu/ɪd̪
- Rhymes:Urdu/ɪd̪/1 syllable
- Urdu lemmas
- Urdu adjectives
- Urdu indeclinable adjectives
- Urdu formal terms
- Urdu terms with quotations
- Urdu nouns
- Urdu feminine nouns
- ur:Semantics
- Urdu nouns with declension
- Urdu feminine consonant-stem nouns