کاغذ

See also: كاغذ, کاغد, and كاغد

Azerbaijani

Noun

کاغذ (kağız) (definite accusative کاغذی (kağızı), plural کاغذلار (kağızlar))

1. Arabic spelling of kağız

Declension

Declension of کاغذ

	singular	plural
nominative	کاغذ	کاغذلار
definite accusative	کاغذێ	کاغذلارێ
dative	کاغذا	کاغذلارا
locative	کاغذدا	کاغذلاردا
ablative	کاغذدان	کاغذلاردان
definite genitive	کاغذێن	کاغذلارێن

Persian

Alternative forms

• کاغد (kâġad, kâġed)
• قاغذ (qâġaz) (dialectal pronunciation)

Etymology

Etymology tree

Old Chinese 紙 (*kjeʔ)bor.?

Sogdian 𐼸𐼰𐼲𐼹𐼰 (kʾɣδʾ /⁠kāγaδā⁠/)bor.

Persian کاغذ

Borrowed from Sogdian 𐼸𐼰𐼲𐼹𐼰 (kʾɣδʾ /⁠kāγaδā⁠/), perhaps a borrowing from Old Chinese 紙 (OC *kjeʔ).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): /kaː.ˈɣað/, /kaː.ˈɣaz/

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [kʰɑː.ɣäz]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [kʰɑː.ɣäz]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [kʰɑː.ɣäz]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [kʰɔː.ɣäz]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [kʰɒː.ɢæz], [kʰɒː.ɢez]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [kʰɔ.ʁäz]

• Rhymes: -að, -az

Readings
Classical reading?	kāġaḏ, kāġaz
Dari reading?	kāġaz
Iranian reading?	kâġaz, kâġez
Tajik reading?	koġaz

• Audio (Iran):

  (file)

Noun

Dari	کاغذ
Iranian Persian
Tajik	коғаз

کاغذ • (kāġaz / kâġaz, kâġez) (plural کاغذها (kāġaz-hā / kâġaz-hâ, kâġez-hâ), Tajik spelling коғаз)

1. paper
   • Nāsir Xusraw, Safarnāma, section 22:

     و در آن جا کاغذ نیکو سازند مثل کاغذ سمرقندی بل بهتر

     va dar ân jâ kâġaz-i nêkô sâzand mis̱l-i kâġaz-i samarqandî bal bihtar

     And they make high-quality paper over there, similar to Samarqand paper, but even better.

2. letter

Derived terms

• کاغذی (kâġazi)
• کاغذبازی (kâġazbâzi)

Descendants

• → Arabic: كَاغَد (kāḡad), كَاغِذ (kāḡiḏ), كَاغَذ (kāḡaḏ), كَاغِيد (kāḡīd)
• → Avar: кагъат (kağat)
• → Azerbaijani: kağız
• → Bashkir: ҡағыҙ (qağıź)
• → Bengali: কাগজ (kagoj)
• → Central Kurdish: کاغەز (kaẍez)
• → Chechen: кехат (kexat)
• → Georgian: ქაღალდი (kaɣaldi)
• → Hindustani:

  Hindi: काग़ज़ (kāġaz), कागज (kāgaj), कागज़ (kāgaz), काग़ज (kāġaj), कागच (kāgac), कागद (kāgad), कर्गद (kargad)

  • → Sanskrit: कागद (kāgada), कर्गद (kargada)

  Urdu: کاغَذ (kāġaz)

• → Karachay-Balkar: къагъыт (qağıt)
• → Kazakh: қағаз (qağaz)
• → Kyrgyz: кагаз (kagaz)
• → Lezgi: кагъаз (kaġaz)
• → Marathi: कागद (kāgad)
• → Marwari: कागद (kāgad)
• → Odia: କାଗଜ (kāgaja)
• → Ottoman Turkish: كاغد (kâğıd)
  • Turkish: kâğıt
  • → Serbo-Croatian:

    Cyrillic script: ћага

    Latin script: ćaga

• → Punjabi:

  Gurmukhi script: ਕਾਗ਼ਜ਼ (kāġaz)

  Shahmukhi script: کاغَذ (kāġaẕ)

• → Sindhi:

  Khudabadi script: 𑊺𑋠𑊼𑋩𑋂𑋩𑋣 (kāġazu)

  Devanagari script: काग़ज़ु (kāġazu)

  Arabic script: ڪاغذ (kāġazu)

• → Tabasaran: кагъаз (kaġaz)
• → Tamil: காகிதம் (kākitam)
• → Tatar: кәгазь (käğäz)
• → Turkmen: kagyz, kagaz
• → Uzbek: qogʻoz
• → Uyghur: قەغەز (qeghez)

References

• B. Gharib (2013), “Sogdian language i. Loanwords in Persian”, in Encyclopædia Iranica, online edition, New York
• Steingass, Francis Joseph (1892), “کاغذ”, in A Comprehensive Persian–English dictionary (overall work in English), London: Routledge & K. Paul
• Vullers, Johann August (1856–1864), “کاغذ”, in Lexicon Persico-Latinum etymologicum cum linguis maxime cognatis Sanscrita et Zendica et Pehlevica comparatum, e lexicis persice scriptis Borhâni Qâtiu, Haft Qulzum et Bahâri agam et persico-turcico Farhangi-Shuûrî confectum, adhibitis etiam Castelli, Meninski, Richardson et aliorum operibus et auctoritate scriptorum Persicorum adauctum‎^[1] (in Latin), volume II, Gießen: J. Ricker, pages 773–774

Punjabi

Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian کاغذ (kāġaz). Compare Sindhi ڪاغذ (kāġazu), Urdu کاغذ (kāġaz).

Pronunciation

• (Standard Punjabi) IPA^(key): /käː.ɣəz/

Noun

کاغذ • (kāġaz) m (Gurmukhi spelling ਕਾਗ਼ਜ਼)

1. paper

Declension

Declension of کاغذ

	singular	plural
direct	کاغَذ (kāġaẕ)	کاغَذ (kāġaẕ)
oblique	کاغَذ (kāġaẕ)	کاغَذاں (kāġaẕāṉ)
vocative	کاغَذا (kāġaẕā)	کاغَذو (kāġaẕo)
ablative	کاغَذوں (kāġaẕoṉ)	—
locative	کاغَذے (kāġaẕe)	کاغَذِیں (kāġaẕīṉ)
instrumental	کاغَذوں (kāġaẕoṉ)	–

Urdu

Etymology

Etymology tree

Old Chinese 紙 (*kjeʔ)bor.?

Sogdian 𐼸𐼰𐼲𐼹𐼰 (kʾɣδʾ /⁠kāγaδā⁠/)bor.

Classical Persian کَاغَذ (kāġaz)bor.

Urdu کاغذ

Borrowed from Classical Persian کَاغَذ (kāġaz), borrowed from Sogdian 𐼸𐼰𐼲𐼹𐼰 (kʾɣδʾ /⁠kāγaδā⁠/), possibly borrowed from Old Chinese 紙 (*kjeʔ). Compare Sindhi ڪاغذ (kāġazu).

Pronunciation

• (Standard Urdu) IPA^(key): /kɑː.ɣəz/

• Audio (Pakistan):

  (file)

• Rhymes: -əz
• Hyphenation: کا‧غَذ

Noun

کاغَذ • (kāġaz) m (formal plural کاغْذات (kāġzāt), Hindi spelling काग़ज़)

1. paper, document

   Synonym: دَسْتَاویز (dastāvez)

2. epistle, letter
3. note, writing (ie. in writing, connoted with a permission slip)
4. (dated) newspaper
5. (often in the plural) legal documents; status (as opposed to being an alien with no legality)

Declension

Declension of کاغذ

	singular	plural
direct	کاغَذ (kāġaz)	کاغَذ (kāġaz)
oblique	کاغَذ (kāġaz)	کاغَذوں (kāġazõ)
vocative	کاغَذ (kāġaz)	کاغَذو (kāġazo)

Further reading

• “کاغذ”, in اُردُو لُغَت (urdū luġat) (in Urdu), Ministry of Education: Government of Pakistan, 2017.
• “کاغذ”, in ریخْتَہ لُغَت (rexta luġat) - Rekhta Dictionary [Urdu dictionary with meanings in Hindi & English], Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2026.
• Qureshi, Bashir Ahmad (1971), “کاغذ”, in Kitabistan's 20th Century Standard Dictionary, Lahore: Kitabistan Pub. Co.
• Platts, John T. (1884), “کاغذ”, in A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & Co.
• Fallon, S. W. (1879), “کاغذ”, in A New Hindustani-English Dictionary, Banaras, London: Trubner and Co.
• John Shakespear (1834), “کاغذ”, in A dictionary, Hindustani and English: with a copious index, fitting the work to serve, also, as a dictionary of English and Hindustani, 3^rd edition, London: J.L. Cox and Son, →OCLC

Ushojo

Etymology

From Urdu کاغَذ (kāġaz).

Noun

کاغذ (kāğaz)

1. paper

   Synonym: قاغز (qāğaz)

2. trash, junk, waste