अस्ति

See also: असत्

Nepali

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ʌst̪i]
• Phonetic Devanagari: अस्ति

Adverb

अस्ति • (asti)

1. the day before yesterday
2. last (with days of the week)

   अस्ति सोमबार बेलुकी चाहिँ 'सिस्टम ट्रिप' भएको थियो।

   asti sombār belukī cāhĩ 'sisṭam ṭrip' bhaeko thiyo.

   Last Monday evening there was a system trip.

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

• ᬅᬲ᭄ᬢᬶ (Balinese script)
• অস্তি (Assamese script)
• অস্তি (Bengali script)
• 𑰀𑰭𑰿𑰝𑰰 (Bhaiksuki script)
• 𑀅𑀲𑁆𑀢𑀺 (Brahmi script)
• 𑌅𑌸𑍍𑌤𑌿 (Grantha script)
• અસ્તિ (Gujarati script)
• ਅਸੑਤਿ (Gurmukhi script)
• ꦄꦱ꧀ꦠꦶ (Javanese script)
• អស្តិ (Khmer script)
• ಅಸ್ತಿ (Kannada script)
• ອສ຺ຕິ (Lao script)
• അസ്തി (Malayalam script)
• 𑘀𑘭𑘿𑘝𑘱 (Modi script)
• ᠠᠰᢐᢈ (Mongolian script)
• ᠠᠰ᠌ᢠᡳ (Manchu script)
• အသ္တိ (Burmese script)
• 𑦠𑧍𑧠𑦽𑧒 (Nandinagari script)
• 𑐀𑐳𑑂𑐟𑐶 (Newa script)
• ଅସ୍ତି (Oriya script)
• ꢂꢱ꣄ꢡꢶ (Saurashtra script)
• 𑆃𑆱𑇀𑆠𑆴 (Sharada script)
• 𑖀𑖭𑖿𑖝𑖰 (Siddham script)
• අස්ති (Sinhalese script)
• అస్తి (Telugu script)
• อสฺติ (Thai script)
• ཨ་སྟི (Tibetan script)
• 𑒁𑒮𑓂𑒞𑒱 (Tirhuta script)

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hásti (“to be”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ésti (“to be”), from *h₁es-. Cognate with Ancient Greek ἐστί (estí), Latin est, Old Persian 𐎠𐎿𐎫𐎡𐎹 (a-s-t-i-y /astiy/), Hittite 𒂊𒌍𒍣 (ēszi), Old Church Slavonic єстъ (estŭ), Gothic 𐌹𐍃𐍄 (ist), English is.

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /ɐ́s.ti/
• (Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈɐs̪.t̪i/

Verb

अस्ति • (ásti) (root अस्, class 2, type P)

1. to be
2. to live
3. to exist, be present
4. to take place, happen
5. to abide, dwell, stay
6. to belong to (+ genitive or dative)
7. to fall to the share of. happen to any one (+ genitive)
8. to be equal to (+ dative)
   • c. 700 BCE, Śatapatha Brāhmaṇa 14
   • c. 200 BCE – 200 CE, Manusmṛti 11.85:

     तेषां वेदविदो ब्रूयुस्त्रयोऽप्येनः सुनिष्कृतिम् ।
     सा तेषां पावनाय स्यात्पवित्रा विदुषां हि वाक् ॥

     teṣāṃ vedavido brūyustrayoʼpyenaḥ suniṣkṛtim .
     sā teṣāṃ pāvanāya syātpavitrā viduṣāṃ hi vāk .

     By his origin alone a Brahmana is a deity even for the gods
     and (his teaching is) authoritative for men, because the Veda is the foundation for that.

9. to turn out, tend towards any result, prove (with dative)
10. to become
    • c. 700 BCE, Bṛhadāraṇyaka Upaniṣad
11. to be (i.e. used as copula, but not only with adjective, but also with adverb)

Conjugation

This verb is suppletive; other forms are provided from भवति (bhavati) (from the root भू (bhū)).

Present: अस्ति (asti)
	Active			Middle			Passive
	Singular	Dual	Plural	Singular	Dual	Plural	Singular	Dual	Plural
Indicative
Third	अस्ति asti	स्तस् stas	सन्ति santi	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -
Second	असि asi	स्थस् sthas	स्थ stha	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -
First	अस्मि asmi	स्वस् svas	स्मस् smas	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -
Imperative
Third	स्तु / स्तात् stu / stāt	स्ताम् stām	सन्तु santu	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -
Second	स्धि / स्तात् sdhi / stāt	स्तम् stam	स्त sta	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -
First	असानि asāni	असाव asāva	असाम asāma	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -
Optative/Potential
Third	स्यात् syāt	स्याताम् syātām	स्युस् syus	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -
Second	स्यास् syās	स्यातम् syātam	स्यात syāta	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -
First	स्याम् syām	स्याव syāva	स्याम syāma	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -
Participles
	सत् sat			- -			- -

Imperfect: आसीत् (āsīt)
	Active			Middle			Passive
	Singular	Dual	Plural	Singular	Dual	Plural	Singular	Dual	Plural
Indicative
Third	आसीत् āsīt	आस्ताम् āstām	आसन्त् āsant	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -
Second	आसीः āsīḥ	आस्तम् āstam	आस्त āsta	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -
First	आसम् āsam	आस्व āsva	आस्म āsma	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -

Perfect: आस (ā́sa), आसे (āsé)
	Active			Middle/Passive
	Singular	Dual	Plural	Singular	Dual	Plural
Indicative
Third	आस ā́sa	आसतुः āsátuḥ	आसुः āsúḥ	आसे āsé	आसाते āsā́te	आसिरे āsiré
Second	आसिथ ā́sitha	आसथुः āsáthuḥ	आस āsá	आसिषे āsiṣé	आसाथे āsā́the	आसिध्वे āsidhvé
First	आस ā́sa	आसिव āsivá	आसिम āsimá	आसे āsé	आसिवहे āsiváhe	आसिमाहे āsimā́he
Participles
	आस्वांस् āsvā́ṃs			आसान āsāná

Derived terms

• आस्तिक (āstika)
• नास्ति (nāsti)
• स्वस्तिक (svastika)

Descendants

• Ashokan Prakrit: 𑀅𑀲𑁆𑀢𑀺 (asti)
  • Ardhamagadhi Prakrit: 𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀣𑀺 (atthi)
  • Magadhi Prakrit: 𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀣𑀺 (atthi)
  • Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀣𑀺 (atthi)
    • Old Marathi: 𑘁𑘝𑘲 (ātī), 𑘁𑘞𑘲 (āthī)
      • Marathi: आथि (āthi) (poetic)
  • Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀣𑀺 (atthi)
    • Old Hindi: आथना (āthanā)
      • Hindustani: āthnā

        Hindi: आथना

        Urdu: آتَھنا‎

    • Sindhi:

      Arabic: اَٿَ‎ (atha)

      Devanagari: अथ (atha)

• Dardic:
  • Northeast Pashayi: [Term?] (āsta)
  • Northwest Pashayi: [script needed] (āsta)
  • Southeast Pashayi: [script needed] (āsta)
  • Southwest Pashayi: [script needed] (āsta)
• Helu:
  • Sinhalese: ඇති (æti)

References

• Monier Williams (1899), “अस्ति”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 122, column 2.
• Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985), “ásti”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press