ऋतु

See also: ऋत

Hindi

Alternative forms

• रितु (ritu)

Etymology

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Borrowed from Sanskrit ऋतु (ṛtú),

Pronunciation

• (Delhi) IPA^(key): /ɾɪ.t̪uː/

Noun

ऋतु • (ŕtu) m or f (Urdu spelling رتو)

1. season

   Synonyms: मौसम (mausam), रुत (rut)

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   पपीहा वर्षा ऋतु में सदा गाता है।

   papīhā varṣā ŕtu mẽ sadā gātā hai.

   The cuckoo always sings during the rainy season.

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   भारत में छह ऋतुएँ होती हैं‌।

   bhārat mẽ chah ŕtuẽ hotī ha͠i‌.

   There are six seasons in India.

References

• McGregor, Ronald Stuart (1993) “ऋतु”, in The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, London: Oxford University Press
• Platts, John T. (1884) “ऋतु”, in A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & Co.

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Sanskrit

Etymology

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From Proto-Indo-Aryan *Hr̥túṣ, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hr̥túš, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂r̥-tús, from *h₂er- (“to fit, fix”). Cognate with Old Armenian արդ (ard), Latin artus.

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /r̩.tú/
• (Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /ˈr̩.t̪u/

Noun

ऋतु • (ṛtú) stem, m

1. any settled point of time, fixed time, time appointed for any action (especially for sacrifices and other regular worship), right or fit time
2. an epoch, period (especially a division or part of the year), season (the number of the divisions of the year is in ancient times, three, five, six, seven, twelve, thirteen, and twenty-four; in later time six seasons are enumerated, namely वसन्त (vasanta, “spring”), ग्रीष्म (grīṣma, “the hot season”), वर्षा (varṣā, “the rainy season”), शरद् (śarad, “autumn”), हेमन्त (hemanta, “winter”) and शिशिर (śiśira, “the cool season”); the seasons are not unfrequently personified, addressed in mantras, and worshipped by libations)
3. symbolical expression for the number six
4. the menstrual discharge (in women), the time after the courses (favourable for procreation; according to Bhāvaprakāśa sixteen days after their appearance)
5. sexual union at the above time
6. fixed order, order, rule
7. light, splendour
8. a particular mineral
9. name of a rishi
10. name of the twelfth manu

Declension

Masculine u-stem declension of ऋतु (ṛtú)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ऋतुः ṛtúḥ	ऋतू ṛtū́	ऋतवः ṛtávaḥ
Vocative	ऋतो ṛ́to	ऋतू ṛ́tū	ऋतवः ṛ́tavaḥ
Accusative	ऋतुम् ṛtúm	ऋतू ṛtū́	ऋतून् ṛtū́n
Instrumental	ऋतुना / ऋत्वा¹ ṛtúnā / ṛtvā́¹	ऋतुभ्याम् ṛtúbhyām	ऋतुभिः ṛtúbhiḥ
Dative	ऋतवे / ऋत्वे¹ ṛtáve / ṛtvé¹	ऋतुभ्याम् ṛtúbhyām	ऋतुभ्यः ṛtúbhyaḥ
Ablative	ऋतोः / ऋत्वः¹ ṛtóḥ / ṛtváḥ¹	ऋतुभ्याम् ṛtúbhyām	ऋतुभ्यः ṛtúbhyaḥ
Genitive	ऋतोः / ऋत्वः¹ ṛtóḥ / ṛtváḥ¹	ऋत्वोः ṛtvóḥ	ऋतूनाम् ṛtūnā́m
Locative	ऋतौ ṛtaú	ऋत्वोः ṛtvóḥ	ऋतुषु ṛtúṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Descendants

• → Assamese: ঋতু (ritu)
• → Bengali: ঋতু (ritu)
• → Gujarati: ઋતુ (ŕtu)
• → Hindi: ऋतु (ŕtu), रितु (ritu)
• → Khmer: រដូវ (rɔdəw)
• → Lao: ລະດູ (la dū)
• → Marathi: ऋतू (ŕtū), रुतू (rutū)
• → Old Marathi: 𑘨𑘳𑘝𑘳 (rutu)
• → Sinhalese: ඍතුව (r̥tuwa)
• → Telugu: ఋతువు (r̥tuvu)
• → Thai: ฤดู (rʉ́-duu)
• → Urdu: رتو (ritu)

References

• Monier Williams (1899) “ऋतु”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 0224.