श्रम्

See also: शरम, शर्म, शर्मा, and श्रम

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

• শ্ৰম্ (Assamese script)
• ᬰ᭄ᬭᬫ᭄ (Balinese script)
• শ্রম্ (Bengali script)
• 𑰫𑰿𑰨𑰦𑰿 (Bhaiksuki script)
• 𑀰𑁆𑀭𑀫𑁆 (Brahmi script)
• ၐြမ် (Burmese script)
• શ્રમ્ (Gujarati script)
• ਸ਼੍ਰਮ੍ (Gurmukhi script)
• 𑌶𑍍𑌰𑌮𑍍 (Grantha script)
• ꦯꦿꦩ꧀ (Javanese script)
• 𑂬𑂹𑂩𑂧𑂹 (Kaithi script)
• ಶ್ರಮ್ (Kannada script)
• ឝ្រម៑ (Khmer script)
• ຨ຺ຣມ຺ (Lao script)
• ശ്രമ് (Malayalam script)
• ᡧᡵᠠᠮ (Manchu script)
• 𑘫𑘿𑘨𑘦𑘿 (Modi script)
• ᠱᠷᠠᠮ (Mongolian script)
• 𑧋𑧠𑧈𑧆𑧠 (Nandinagari script)
• 𑐱𑑂𑐬𑐩𑑂 (Newa script)
• ଶ୍ରମ୍ (Odia script)
• ꢯ꣄ꢬꢪ꣄ (Saurashtra script)
• 𑆯𑇀𑆫𑆩𑇀 (Sharada script)
• 𑖫𑖿𑖨𑖦𑖿 (Siddham script)
• ශ්‍රම් (Sinhalese script)
• 𑩿 𑪙𑩼𑩴 𑪙 (Soyombo script)
• 𑚧𑚶𑚤𑚢𑚶 (Takri script)
• ஶ்ரம் (Tamil script)
• శ్రమ్ (Telugu script)
• ศฺรมฺ (Thai script)
• ཤྲ་མ྄ (Tibetan script)
• 𑒬𑓂𑒩𑒧𑓂 (Tirhuta script)
• 𑨮𑩇𑨫𑨢𑨴 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *ḱremh₂-

Sanskrit श्रम्

Inherited from Proto-Indo-European *ḱremh₂- (“to be or become limp”). Compare Ancient Greek κρεμάννυμι (kremánnumi, “to hang”) and perhaps κρημνός (krēmnós, “overhanging bank of a river”).

Root

श्रम् • (śram)

1. to be or become weary or tired, be tired of doing anything
2. to make effort, exert oneself (esp. in performing acts of austerity), labor in vain
3. to overcome, conquer, subdue
4. to speak to, address, invite

Derived terms

Primary verbal forms

• श्राम्यति (śrāmyati, present)
• श्रमति (śramati, present)
• श्रमिष्यति (śramiṣyati, future)
• श्रमिता (śramitā, periphrastic future)
• अश्र॑मत् (áśramat, aorist)
• श॒श्राम॑ (śaśrā́ma, perfect)

Secondary forms

• श्रम्यते (śramyate, passive)
• अश्रा॑मि (áśrāmi, passive aorist)
• अश्र॑मि (áśrami, passive aorist)
• श्रामयति (śrāmayati, causative)
• श्रमयति (śramayati, causative)
• अशिश्रमत् (aśiśramat, causative aorist)

Non-finite forms

• श्रां॒त (śrāṃtá, past participle)
• श्रमितुम् (śramitum, infinitive)
• श्रम्य (śramya, gerund)

Derived nominal forms

• श्रम (śrama)
• आश्रम (āśrama)
• श्राम (śrāma)
• श्रमण (śramaṇa)
• श्रांति (śrāṃti)
• श्रमिष्ठ (śramiṣṭha)
• शिश्रमिषु (śiśramiṣu)

Sanskrit terms belonging to the root श्रम् (0 c, 3 e)

Terms derived from the Sanskrit root श्रम् (7 c, 0 e)

References

• Monier Williams (1899), “श्रम्”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 1096/1.
• William Dwight Whitney (1885), The Roots, Verb-forms, and Primary Derivatives of the Sanskrit Language, Leipzig: Breitkopf and Härtel, page 178

• Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996), Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎^[1] (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 664