सुख

See also: सखि, साख, सिख, सूखा, and सुखी

Hindi

Etymology

From Sanskrit सुख (sukha).

Pronunciation

• (Delhi Hindi) IPA^(key): /sʊkʰ/, [s̪ʊkʰ]

Noun

सुख • (sukh) m (Urdu spelling سکھ‎)

1. happiness, pleasure, gratification

   सनातन मुक्ति पाने के लिए, जीवन के सुखों का त्याग करना पड़ेगा।

   sanātan mukti pāne ke lie, jīvan ke sukhõ kā tyāg karnā paṛegā.

   In order to attain eternal salvation, you must sacrifice the pleasures of life.

2. comfort

   यह यात्रियों के सुख के लिए है।

   yah yātriyõ ke sukh ke lie hai.

   This is for the comfort of the passengers.

Declension

Declension of सुख (masc cons-stem)

	singular	plural
direct	सुख sukh	सुख sukh
oblique	सुख sukh	सुखों sukhõ
vocative	सुख sukh	सुखो sukho

Synonyms

• (happiness): ख़ुशी (xuśī)

Derived terms

• सुखकर (sukhkar, “happy, pleasant, comforting”)
• सुखजनक (sukhjanak, “causing happiness or pleasure”)
• सुखजीवी (sukhjīvī, “easy-going”)
• सुखमृत्यु (sukhmŕtyu, “euthanasia”)

References

• Bahri, Hardev (1989), “सुख”, in Siksarthi Hindi-Angrejhi Sabdakosa [Learners' Hindi-English Dictionary], Delhi: Rajpal & Sons.
• Caturvedi, Mahendra; Bhola Nath Tiwari (1970), “सुख”, in A practical Hindi-English dictionary, Delhi: National Publishing House

Pali

Alternative forms

Alternative forms

• sukha (Latin script)
• 𑀲𑀼𑀔 (Brahmi script)
• সুখ (Bengali script)
• සුඛ (Sinhalese script)
• သုခ or သုၶ (Burmese script)
• สุข or สุขะ (Thai script)
• ᩈᩩᨡ (Tai Tham script)
• ສຸຂ or ສຸຂະ (Lao script)
• សុខ (Khmer script)
• 𑄥𑄪𑄈 (Chakma script)

Adjective

सुख

1. Devanagari script form of sukha (“agreeable”)

Declension

Declension table of "सुख" (masculine)

Case \ Number	Singular	Plural
Nominative (first)	सुखो (sukho)	सुखा (sukhā)
Accusative (second)	सुखं (sukhaṃ)	सुखे (sukhe)
Instrumental (third)	सुखेन (sukhena)	सुखेहि (sukhehi) or सुखेभि (sukhebhi)
Dative (fourth)	सुखस्स (sukhassa) or सुखाय (sukhāya) or सुखत्थं (sukhatthaṃ)	सुखानं (sukhānaṃ)
Ablative (fifth)	सुखस्मा (sukhasmā) or सुखम्हा (sukhamhā) or सुखा (sukhā)	सुखेहि (sukhehi) or सुखेभि (sukhebhi)
Genitive (sixth)	सुखस्स (sukhassa)	सुखानं (sukhānaṃ)
Locative (seventh)	सुखस्मिं (sukhasmiṃ) or सुखम्हि (sukhamhi) or सुखे (sukhe)	सुखेसु (sukhesu)
Vocative (calling)	सुख (sukha)	सुखा (sukhā)

Declension table of "सुख" (neuter)

Case \ Number	Singular	Plural
Nominative (first)	सुखं (sukhaṃ)	सुखानि (sukhāni)
Accusative (second)	सुखं (sukhaṃ)	सुखानि (sukhāni)
Instrumental (third)	सुखेन (sukhena)	सुखेहि (sukhehi) or सुखेभि (sukhebhi)
Dative (fourth)	सुखस्स (sukhassa) or सुखाय (sukhāya) or सुखत्थं (sukhatthaṃ)	सुखानं (sukhānaṃ)
Ablative (fifth)	सुखस्मा (sukhasmā) or सुखम्हा (sukhamhā) or सुखा (sukhā)	सुखेहि (sukhehi) or सुखेभि (sukhebhi)
Genitive (sixth)	सुखस्स (sukhassa)	सुखानं (sukhānaṃ)
Locative (seventh)	सुखस्मिं (sukhasmiṃ) or सुखम्हि (sukhamhi) or सुखे (sukhe)	सुखेसु (sukhesu)
Vocative (calling)	सुख (sukha)	सुखानि (sukhāni)

Noun

सुख n

1. Devanagari script form of sukha (“happiness”)

Declension

Declension table of "सुख" (neuter)

Case \ Number	Singular	Plural
Nominative (first)	सुखं (sukhaṃ)	सुखानि (sukhāni)
Accusative (second)	सुखं (sukhaṃ)	सुखानि (sukhāni)
Instrumental (third)	सुखेन (sukhena)	सुखेहि (sukhehi) or सुखेभि (sukhebhi)
Dative (fourth)	सुखस्स (sukhassa) or सुखाय (sukhāya) or सुखत्थं (sukhatthaṃ)	सुखानं (sukhānaṃ)
Ablative (fifth)	सुखस्मा (sukhasmā) or सुखम्हा (sukhamhā) or सुखा (sukhā)	सुखेहि (sukhehi) or सुखेभि (sukhebhi)
Genitive (sixth)	सुखस्स (sukhassa)	सुखानं (sukhānaṃ)
Locative (seventh)	सुखस्मिं (sukhasmiṃ) or सुखम्हि (sukhamhi) or सुखे (sukhe)	सुखेसु (sukhesu)
Vocative (calling)	सुख (sukha)	सुखानि (sukhāni)

Sanskrit

Alternative forms

• शुख (śukha)

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

• ᬲᬸᬔ (Balinese script)
• সুখ (Assamese script)
• সুখ (Bengali script)
• 𑰭𑰲𑰏 (Bhaiksuki script)
• 𑀲𑀼𑀔 (Brahmi script)
• 𑌸𑍁𑌖 (Grantha script)
• સુખ (Gujarati script)
• ਸੁਖ (Gurmukhi script)
• ꦱꦸꦑ (Javanese script)
• សុខ (Khmer script)
• ಸುಖ (Kannada script)
• ສຸຂ (Lao script)
• സുഖ (Malayalam script)
• 𑘭𑘳𑘏 (Modi script)
• ᠰᠤᠻᠠ (Mongolian script)
• ᠰᡠᡘᠠ (Manchu script)
• သုခ (Burmese script)
• 𑧍𑧔𑦯 (Nandinagari script)
• 𑐳𑐸𑐏 (Newa script)
• ସୁଖ (Oriya script)
• ꢱꢸꢓ (Saurashtra script)
• 𑆱𑆶𑆒 (Sharada script)
• 𑖭𑖲𑖏 (Siddham script)
• සුඛ (Sinhalese script)
• సుఖ (Telugu script)
• สุข (Thai script)
• སུ་ཁ (Tibetan script)
• 𑒮𑒳𑒐 (Tirhuta script)

Etymology

Said to be from सु- (su-) + ख (kha), and to mean originally "having a good axle-hole"; but probably reborrowed from a Prakrit form of earlier सुस्थ (sustha), from सु- (su-) +‎ स्थ (stha); compare दुःख (duḥkha).

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /su.kʰɐ́/
• (Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈs̪u.kʰɐ/

Adjective

सुख • (sukhá)

1. running swiftly or easily (only applied to cars or chariots, superlative सुखतम (sukhá-tama)), easy
2. pleasant (rarely with this meaning in Vedas), agreeable, gentle, mild (comparative सुखतर (sukhá-tará))
3. comfortable, happy, prosperous (सुखिन् (sukhin))
4. virtuous, pious

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of सुख
Nom. sg.	सुखः (sukhaḥ)
Gen. sg.	सुखस्य (sukhasya)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	सुखः (sukhaḥ)	सुखौ (sukhau)	सुखाः (sukhāḥ)
Vocative	सुख (sukha)	सुखौ (sukhau)	सुखाः (sukhāḥ)
Accusative	सुखम् (sukham)	सुखौ (sukhau)	सुखान् (sukhān)
Instrumental	सुखेन (sukhena)	सुखाभ्याम् (sukhābhyām)	सुखैः (sukhaiḥ)
Dative	सुखाय (sukhāya)	सुखाभ्याम् (sukhābhyām)	सुखेभ्यः (sukhebhyaḥ)
Ablative	सुखात् (sukhāt)	सुखाभ्याम् (sukhābhyām)	सुखेभ्यः (sukhebhyaḥ)
Genitive	सुखस्य (sukhasya)	सुखयोः (sukhayoḥ)	सुखानाम् (sukhānām)
Locative	सुखे (sukhe)	सुखयोः (sukhayoḥ)	सुखेषु (sukheṣu)

Feminine ā-stem declension of सुख
Nom. sg.	सुखा (sukhā)
Gen. sg.	सुखायाः (sukhāyāḥ)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	सुखा (sukhā)	सुखे (sukhe)	सुखाः (sukhāḥ)
Vocative	सुखे (sukhe)	सुखे (sukhe)	सुखाः (sukhāḥ)
Accusative	सुखाम् (sukhām)	सुखे (sukhe)	सुखाः (sukhāḥ)
Instrumental	सुखया (sukhayā)	सुखाभ्याम् (sukhābhyām)	सुखाभिः (sukhābhiḥ)
Dative	सुखायै (sukhāyai)	सुखाभ्याम् (sukhābhyām)	सुखाभ्यः (sukhābhyaḥ)
Ablative	सुखायाः (sukhāyāḥ)	सुखाभ्याम् (sukhābhyām)	सुखाभ्यः (sukhābhyaḥ)
Genitive	सुखायाः (sukhāyāḥ)	सुखयोः (sukhayoḥ)	सुखानाम् (sukhānām)
Locative	सुखायाम् (sukhāyām)	सुखयोः (sukhayoḥ)	सुखासु (sukhāsu)

Neuter a-stem declension of सुख
Nom. sg.	सुखम् (sukham)
Gen. sg.	सुखस्य (sukhasya)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	सुखम् (sukham)	सुखे (sukhe)	सुखानि (sukhāni)
Vocative	सुख (sukha)	सुखे (sukhe)	सुखानि (sukhāni)
Accusative	सुखम् (sukham)	सुखे (sukhe)	सुखानि (sukhāni)
Instrumental	सुखेन (sukhena)	सुखाभ्याम् (sukhābhyām)	सुखैः (sukhaiḥ)
Dative	सुखाय (sukhāya)	सुखाभ्याम् (sukhābhyām)	सुखेभ्यः (sukhebhyaḥ)
Ablative	सुखात् (sukhāt)	सुखाभ्याम् (sukhābhyām)	सुखेभ्यः (sukhebhyaḥ)
Genitive	सुखस्य (sukhasya)	सुखयोः (sukhayoḥ)	सुखानाम् (sukhānām)
Locative	सुखे (sukhe)	सुखयोः (sukhayoḥ)	सुखेषु (sukheṣu)

Noun

सुख • (sukhá) m

1. name of a man
2. a kind of military array, compare दण्ड (daṇḍa)
3. (music) a particular mūrchanā
4. name of the city of Varuṇa
5. name of one of the 9 śaktis of Shiva

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of सुख
Nom. sg.	सुखः (sukhaḥ)
Gen. sg.	सुखस्य (sukhasya)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	सुखः (sukhaḥ)	सुखौ (sukhau)	सुखाः (sukhāḥ)
Vocative	सुख (sukha)	सुखौ (sukhau)	सुखाः (sukhāḥ)
Accusative	सुखम् (sukham)	सुखौ (sukhau)	सुखान् (sukhān)
Instrumental	सुखेन (sukhena)	सुखाभ्याम् (sukhābhyām)	सुखैः (sukhaiḥ)
Dative	सुखाय (sukhāya)	सुखाभ्याम् (sukhābhyām)	सुखेभ्यः (sukhebhyaḥ)
Ablative	सुखात् (sukhāt)	सुखाभ्याम् (sukhābhyām)	सुखेभ्यः (sukhebhyaḥ)
Genitive	सुखस्य (sukhasya)	सुखयोः (sukhayoḥ)	सुखानाम् (sukhānām)
Locative	सुखे (sukhe)	सुखयोः (sukhayoḥ)	सुखेषु (sukheṣu)

Noun

सुख • (sukhá) n

1. ease, easiness
2. comfort
3. prosperity
4. pleasure
5. happiness (in m personified as a child of Dharma and Siddhi)
6. joy, delight in (+locative)

   sukham-√kṛ — to give pleasure

   महता सुखेन

   mahatā sukhena

   with great pleasure

7. the sky, heaven, atmosphere
8. water

Declension

Neuter a-stem declension of सुख
Nom. sg.	सुखम् (sukham)
Gen. sg.	सुखस्य (sukhasya)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	सुखम् (sukham)	सुखे (sukhe)	सुखानि (sukhāni)
Vocative	सुख (sukha)	सुखे (sukhe)	सुखानि (sukhāni)
Accusative	सुखम् (sukham)	सुखे (sukhe)	सुखानि (sukhāni)
Instrumental	सुखेन (sukhena)	सुखाभ्याम् (sukhābhyām)	सुखैः (sukhaiḥ)
Dative	सुखाय (sukhāya)	सुखाभ्याम् (sukhābhyām)	सुखेभ्यः (sukhebhyaḥ)
Ablative	सुखात् (sukhāt)	सुखाभ्याम् (sukhābhyām)	सुखेभ्यः (sukhebhyaḥ)
Genitive	सुखस्य (sukhasya)	सुखयोः (sukhayoḥ)	सुखानाम् (sukhānām)
Locative	सुखे (sukhe)	सुखयोः (sukhayoḥ)	सुखेषु (sukheṣu)

Descendants

• → Assamese: সুখ (xukh)
• → Bengali: সুখ (śukh)
• → Khmer: សុខ (sok)
• → Malay: suka
  • Indonesian: suka
  • → Min Nan: 舒合 (su-kah)
• Pali: sukha
  • → Mon: သုခ
  • → Burmese: သုခ (su.hka.)
  • → Shan: သုၵ်ႉၶႃႉ (sṵ̂k khâ̰a)
• → Thai: สุข (sùk)
• ⇒ Telugu: సుఖము (sukhamu)

References

• Monier Williams (1899), “सुख”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 1220.