सुख

See also: सखि, साख, सिख, सूखा, and सुखी

Hindi

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *h₁wes-

Proto-Indo-European *-us

Proto-Indo-European *h₁wésus?

Proto-Indo-European *h₁es-?

Proto-Indo-European *h₁su-

Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hsu-

Sanskrit सु- (su-)?

Proto-Indo-Iranian *kanH-der.

Sanskrit खन् (khan)

Sanskrit ख (kha)?

Sanskrit सु॒ख (sukhá)

Prakrit 𑀤𑀼𑀓𑁆𑀔 (dukkha)influ.

Prakrit 𑀲𑀼𑀓𑁆𑀔 (sukkha)

Hindi सुख

Inherited from Prakrit 𑀲𑀼𑀓𑁆𑀔 (sukkha), from Sanskrit सुख (sukha).

Pronunciation

(Standard Hindi) IPA^(key): /sʊkʰ/

Noun

सुख • (sukh) m (Urdu spelling سکھ)

happiness, pleasure, gratification
सनातन मुक्ति पाने के लिए, जीवन के सुखों का त्याग करना पड़ेगा।
sanātan mukti pāne ke lie, jīvan ke sukhõ kā tyāg karnā paṛegā.
In order to attain eternal salvation, you must sacrifice the pleasures of life.
comfort
यह यात्रियों के सुख के लिए है।
yah yātriyõ ke sukh ke lie hai.
This is for the comfort of the passengers.

Declension

Declension of *सुख* (masc cons-stem)
	singular	plural
direct	सुख sukh	सुख sukh
oblique	सुख sukh	सुखों sukhõ
vocative	सुख sukh	सुखो sukho

Synonyms

(happiness): ख़ुशी (xuśī)

Derived terms

सुखकर (sukhkar, “happy, pleasant, comforting”)
सुखजनक (sukhjanak, “causing happiness or pleasure”)
सुखजीवी (sukhjīvī, “easy-going”)
सुखमृत्यु (sukhmŕtyu, “euthanasia”)

References

Bahri, Hardev (1989), “सुख”, in Siksarthi Hindi-Angrejhi Sabdakosa [Learners' Hindi-English Dictionary], Delhi: Rajpal & Sons.
Caturvedi, Mahendra; Bhola Nath Tiwari (1970), “सुख”, in A practical Hindi-English dictionary, Delhi: National Publishing House

Marathi

Etymology

Inherited from Old Marathi 𑘭𑘳𑘏 (sukha), from Sanskrit सुख (sukha).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /sukʰ/, [suːkʰ]

Noun

सुख • (sukh) n

happiness, gratification, contentment, well-being
सुख ह्या शब्दाची खरी व्याख्या शब्दांमध्ये मांडणे कठीण आहे।
sukh hyā śabdācī kharī vyākhyā śabdāmmadhye māṇḍṇe kaṭhīṇ āhe.
The true definition of happiness is difficult to describe in words.

Declension

Declension of सुख (neut cons-stem)
direct singular	सुख sukh
direct plural	सुखे, सुखं sukhe, sukha
	singular एकवचन	plural अनेकवचन
nominative प्रथमा	सुख sukh	सुखे, सुखं sukhe, sukha
oblique सामान्यरूप	सुखा sukhā	सुखां- sukhān-
acc. / dative द्वितीया / चतुर्थी	सुखाला sukhālā	सुखांना sukhānnā
ergative	सुखाने, सुखानं sukhāne, sukhāna	सुखांनी sukhānnī
instrumental	सुखाशी sukhāśī	सुखांशी sukhānśī
locative सप्तमी	सुखात sukhāt	सुखांत sukhāt
vocative संबोधन	सुखा sukhā	सुखांनो sukhānno
Oblique Note: The oblique case precedes all postpositions. There is no space between the stem and the postposition. Locative Note: -त (-ta) is a postposition.

Genitive declension of सुख (neut cons-stem)
	masculine object पुल्लिंगी कर्म		feminine object स्त्रीलिंगी कर्म		neuter object नपुसकलिंगी कर्म		oblique सामान्यरूप
	singular एकवचन	plural अनेकवचन	singular एकवचन	plural अनेकवचन	singular^* एकवचन	plural अनेकवचन	oblique सामान्यरूप
singular subject एकवचनी कर्ता	सुखाचा sukhāċā	सुखाचे sukhāċe	सुखाची sukhācī	सुखाच्या sukhācā	सुखाचे, सुखाचं sukhāċe, sukhāċa	सुखाची sukhācī	सुखाच्या sukhācā
plural subject अनेकवचनी कर्ता	सुखांचा sukhānċā	सुखांचे sukhānċe	सुखांची sukhāñcī	सुखांच्या sukhāncā	सुखांचे, सुखांचं sukhānċe, sukhānċa	सुखांची sukhāñcī	सुखांच्या sukhāñcā
^* Note: Word-final ए (e) in neuter words is alternatively written with the anusvara and pronounced as अ (a). Oblique Note: For most postpostions, the oblique genitive can be optionally inserted between the stem and the postposition.

Synonyms

(happiness): आनंद (ānanda)
(gratification): समाधान (samādhān)
(contentment): तृप्ती (tŕptī)

References

Berntsen, Maxine (1982–1983), “सुख”, in A Basic Marathi-English Dictionary, New Delhi: American Institute of Indian Studies

Pali

Alternative forms

Alternative scripts

sukha (Latin script)
𑀲𑀼𑀔 (Brahmi script)
সুখ (Bengali script)
සුඛ (Sinhalese script)
သုခ or သုၶ (Burmese script)
สุข or สุขะ (Thai script)
ᩈᩩᨡ (Tai Tham script)
ສຸຂ or ສຸຂະ (Lao script)
សុខ (Khmer script)
𑄥𑄪𑄈 (Chakma script)

Adjective

सुख

Devanagari script form of sukha (“agreeable”)

Declension

Declension table of "सुख" (masculine)

Case / Number	Singular	Plural
Nominative (first)	सुखो (sukho)	सुखा (sukhā)
Accusative (second)	सुखं (sukhaṃ)	सुखे (sukhe)
Instrumental (third)	सुखेन (sukhena)	सुखेहि (sukhehi) or सुखेभि (sukhebhi)
Dative (fourth)	सुखस्स (sukhassa) or सुखाय (sukhāya) or सुखत्थं (sukhatthaṃ)	सुखानं (sukhānaṃ)
Ablative (fifth)	सुखस्मा (sukhasmā) or सुखम्हा (sukhamhā) or सुखा (sukhā)	सुखेहि (sukhehi) or सुखेभि (sukhebhi)
Genitive (sixth)	सुखस्स (sukhassa)	सुखानं (sukhānaṃ)
Locative (seventh)	सुखस्मिं (sukhasmiṃ) or सुखम्हि (sukhamhi) or सुखे (sukhe)	सुखेसु (sukhesu)
Vocative (calling)	सुख (sukha)	सुखा (sukhā)

Declension table of "सुख" (neuter)

Case / Number	Singular	Plural
Nominative (first)	सुखं (sukhaṃ)	सुखानि (sukhāni)
Accusative (second)	सुखं (sukhaṃ)	सुखानि (sukhāni)
Instrumental (third)	सुखेन (sukhena)	सुखेहि (sukhehi) or सुखेभि (sukhebhi)
Dative (fourth)	सुखस्स (sukhassa) or सुखाय (sukhāya) or सुखत्थं (sukhatthaṃ)	सुखानं (sukhānaṃ)
Ablative (fifth)	सुखस्मा (sukhasmā) or सुखम्हा (sukhamhā) or सुखा (sukhā)	सुखेहि (sukhehi) or सुखेभि (sukhebhi)
Genitive (sixth)	सुखस्स (sukhassa)	सुखानं (sukhānaṃ)
Locative (seventh)	सुखस्मिं (sukhasmiṃ) or सुखम्हि (sukhamhi) or सुखे (sukhe)	सुखेसु (sukhesu)
Vocative (calling)	सुख (sukha)	सुखानि (sukhāni)

Noun

सुख n

Devanagari script form of sukha (“happiness”)

Declension

Declension table of "सुख" (neuter)

Case / Number	Singular	Plural
Nominative (first)	सुखं (sukhaṃ)	सुखानि (sukhāni)
Accusative (second)	सुखं (sukhaṃ)	सुखानि (sukhāni)
Instrumental (third)	सुखेन (sukhena)	सुखेहि (sukhehi) or सुखेभि (sukhebhi)
Dative (fourth)	सुखस्स (sukhassa) or सुखाय (sukhāya) or सुखत्थं (sukhatthaṃ)	सुखानं (sukhānaṃ)
Ablative (fifth)	सुखस्मा (sukhasmā) or सुखम्हा (sukhamhā) or सुखा (sukhā)	सुखेहि (sukhehi) or सुखेभि (sukhebhi)
Genitive (sixth)	सुखस्स (sukhassa)	सुखानं (sukhānaṃ)
Locative (seventh)	सुखस्मिं (sukhasmiṃ) or सुखम्हि (sukhamhi) or सुखे (sukhe)	सुखेसु (sukhesu)
Vocative (calling)	सुख (sukha)	सुखानि (sukhāni)

Sanskrit

Alternative forms

शुख (śukha)

Alternative scripts

সুখ (Assamese script)
ᬲᬸᬔ (Balinese script)
সুখ (Bengali script)
𑰭𑰲𑰏 (Bhaiksuki script)
𑀲𑀼𑀔 (Brahmi script)
သုခ (Burmese script)
સુખ (Gujarati script)
ਸੁਖ (Gurmukhi script)
𑌸𑍁𑌖 (Grantha script)
ꦱꦸꦑ (Javanese script)
𑂮𑂳𑂎 (Kaithi script)
ಸುಖ (Kannada script)
សុខ (Khmer script)
ສຸຂ (Lao script)
സുഖ (Malayalam script)
ᠰᡠᡘᠠ (Manchu script)
𑘭𑘳𑘏 (Modi script)
ᠰᠤᠻᠠ (Mongolian script)
𑧍𑧔𑦯 (Nandinagari script)
𑐳𑐸𑐏 (Newa script)
ସୁଖ (Odia script)
ꢱꢸꢓ (Saurashtra script)
𑆱𑆶𑆒 (Sharada script)
𑖭𑖲𑖏 (Siddham script)
සුඛ (Sinhalese script)
𑪁𑩒𑩝 (Soyombo script)
𑚨𑚰𑚋 (Takri script)
ஸுக² (Tamil script)
సుఖ (Telugu script)
สุข (Thai script)
སུ་ཁ (Tibetan script)
𑒮𑒳𑒐 (Tirhuta script)
𑨰𑨃𑨌 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *h₁wes-

Proto-Indo-European *-us

Proto-Indo-European *h₁wésus?

Proto-Indo-European *h₁es-?

Proto-Indo-European *h₁su-

Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hsu-

Sanskrit सु- (su-)?

Proto-Indo-Iranian *kanH-der.

Sanskrit खन् (khan)

Sanskrit ख (kha)?

Sanskrit सु॒ख

Said to be from सु- (su-) +‎ ख (kha), and to mean originally "having a good axle-hole"; but the sense "pleasant, etc." possibly reborrowed from a Prakrit form of earlier सुस्थ (sustha), from सु- (su-) +‎ स्थ (stha); compare दुःख (duḥkha); compare Shughni sux (sukh) "happy, joyful"

Pronunciation

(Vedic) IPA^(key): /su.kʰɐ́/
(Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /s̪u.kʰɐ/

Adjective

सु॒ख • (sukhá) stem

running swiftly or easily (only applied to cars or chariots, superlative सुखतम (sukhá-tama)), easy
pleasant (rarely with this meaning in Vedas), agreeable, gentle, mild (comparative सुखतर (sukhá-tará))
comfortable, happy, prosperous (सुखिन् (sukhin))
virtuous, pious

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of सु॒ख
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	सु॒खः (sukháḥ)	सु॒खौ (sukháu) सु॒खा¹ (sukhā́¹)	सु॒खाः (sukhā́ḥ) सु॒खासः॑¹ (sukhā́saḥ¹)
accusative	सु॒खम् (sukhám)	सु॒खौ (sukháu) सु॒खा¹ (sukhā́¹)	सु॒खान् (sukhā́n)
instrumental	सु॒खेन॑ (sukhéna)	सु॒खाभ्या॑म् (sukhā́bhyām)	सु॒खैः (sukháiḥ) सु॒खेभिः॑¹ (sukhébhiḥ¹)
dative	सु॒खाय॑ (sukhā́ya)	सु॒खाभ्या॑म् (sukhā́bhyām)	सु॒खेभ्यः॑ (sukhébhyaḥ)
ablative	सु॒खात् (sukhā́t)	सु॒खाभ्या॑म् (sukhā́bhyām)	सु॒खेभ्यः॑ (sukhébhyaḥ)
genitive	सु॒खस्य॑ (sukhásya)	सु॒खयोः॑ (sukháyoḥ)	सु॒खाना॑म् (sukhā́nām)
locative	सु॒खे (sukhé)	सु॒खयोः॑ (sukháyoḥ)	सु॒खेषु॑ (sukhéṣu)
vocative	सुख॑ (súkha)	सुखौ॑ (súkhau) सुखा॑¹ (súkhā¹)	सुखाः॑ (súkhāḥ) सुखा॑सः¹ (súkhāsaḥ¹)

¹Vedic

Feminine ā-stem declension of सु॒खा
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	सु॒खा (sukhā́)	सु॒खे (sukhé)	सु॒खाः (sukhā́ḥ)
accusative	सु॒खाम् (sukhā́m)	सु॒खे (sukhé)	सु॒खाः (sukhā́ḥ)
instrumental	सु॒खया॑ (sukháyā) सु॒खा¹ (sukhā́¹)	सु॒खाभ्या॑म् (sukhā́bhyām)	सु॒खाभिः॑ (sukhā́bhiḥ)
dative	सु॒खायै॑ (sukhā́yai)	सु॒खाभ्या॑म् (sukhā́bhyām)	सु॒खाभ्यः॑ (sukhā́bhyaḥ)
ablative	सु॒खायाः॑ (sukhā́yāḥ) सु॒खायै॑² (sukhā́yai²)	सु॒खाभ्या॑म् (sukhā́bhyām)	सु॒खाभ्यः॑ (sukhā́bhyaḥ)
genitive	सु॒खायाः॑ (sukhā́yāḥ) सु॒खायै॑² (sukhā́yai²)	सु॒खयोः॑ (sukháyoḥ)	सु॒खाना॑म् (sukhā́nām)
locative	सु॒खाया॑म् (sukhā́yām)	सु॒खयोः॑ (sukháyoḥ)	सु॒खासु॑ (sukhā́su)
vocative	सुखे॑ (súkhe)	सुखे॑ (súkhe)	सुखाः॑ (súkhāḥ)

¹Vedic
²Brāhmaṇas

Neuter a-stem declension of सु॒ख
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	सु॒खम् (sukhám)	सु॒खे (sukhé)	सु॒खानि॑ (sukhā́ni) सु॒खा¹ (sukhā́¹)
accusative	सु॒खम् (sukhám)	सु॒खे (sukhé)	सु॒खानि॑ (sukhā́ni) सु॒खा¹ (sukhā́¹)
instrumental	सु॒खेन॑ (sukhéna)	सु॒खाभ्या॑म् (sukhā́bhyām)	सु॒खैः (sukháiḥ) सु॒खेभिः॑¹ (sukhébhiḥ¹)
dative	सु॒खाय॑ (sukhā́ya)	सु॒खाभ्या॑म् (sukhā́bhyām)	सु॒खेभ्यः॑ (sukhébhyaḥ)
ablative	सु॒खात् (sukhā́t)	सु॒खाभ्या॑म् (sukhā́bhyām)	सु॒खेभ्यः॑ (sukhébhyaḥ)
genitive	सु॒खस्य॑ (sukhásya)	सु॒खयोः॑ (sukháyoḥ)	सु॒खाना॑म् (sukhā́nām)
locative	सु॒खे (sukhé)	सु॒खयोः॑ (sukháyoḥ)	सु॒खेषु॑ (sukhéṣu)
vocative	सुख॑ (súkha)	सुखे॑ (súkhe)	सुखा॑नि (súkhāni) सुखा॑¹ (súkhā¹)

¹Vedic

Noun

सु॒ख • (sukhá) stem, m

name of a man
a kind of military array, compare दण्ड (daṇḍa)
(music) a particular mūrchanā
name of the city of Varuṇa
name of one of the 9 śaktis of Shiva

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of सु॒ख
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	सु॒खः (sukháḥ)	सु॒खौ (sukháu) सु॒खा¹ (sukhā́¹)	सु॒खाः (sukhā́ḥ) सु॒खासः॑¹ (sukhā́saḥ¹)
accusative	सु॒खम् (sukhám)	सु॒खौ (sukháu) सु॒खा¹ (sukhā́¹)	सु॒खान् (sukhā́n)
instrumental	सु॒खेन॑ (sukhéna)	सु॒खाभ्या॑म् (sukhā́bhyām)	सु॒खैः (sukháiḥ) सु॒खेभिः॑¹ (sukhébhiḥ¹)
dative	सु॒खाय॑ (sukhā́ya)	सु॒खाभ्या॑म् (sukhā́bhyām)	सु॒खेभ्यः॑ (sukhébhyaḥ)
ablative	सु॒खात् (sukhā́t)	सु॒खाभ्या॑म् (sukhā́bhyām)	सु॒खेभ्यः॑ (sukhébhyaḥ)
genitive	सु॒खस्य॑ (sukhásya)	सु॒खयोः॑ (sukháyoḥ)	सु॒खाना॑म् (sukhā́nām)
locative	सु॒खे (sukhé)	सु॒खयोः॑ (sukháyoḥ)	सु॒खेषु॑ (sukhéṣu)
vocative	सुख॑ (súkha)	सुखौ॑ (súkhau) सुखा॑¹ (súkhā¹)	सुखाः॑ (súkhāḥ) सुखा॑सः¹ (súkhāsaḥ¹)

¹Vedic

Noun

सु॒ख • (sukhá) stem, n

ease, easiness
comfort
prosperity
pleasure
happiness (in m personified as a child of Dharma and Siddhi)
joy, delight in (+locative)
sukham-√kṛ — to give pleasure

महता सुखेन
mahatā sukhena
with great pleasure
the sky, heaven, atmosphere
water

Declension

Neuter a-stem declension of सु॒ख
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	सु॒खम् (sukhám)	सु॒खे (sukhé)	सु॒खानि॑ (sukhā́ni) सु॒खा¹ (sukhā́¹)
accusative	सु॒खम् (sukhám)	सु॒खे (sukhé)	सु॒खानि॑ (sukhā́ni) सु॒खा¹ (sukhā́¹)
instrumental	सु॒खेन॑ (sukhéna)	सु॒खाभ्या॑म् (sukhā́bhyām)	सु॒खैः (sukháiḥ) सु॒खेभिः॑¹ (sukhébhiḥ¹)
dative	सु॒खाय॑ (sukhā́ya)	सु॒खाभ्या॑म् (sukhā́bhyām)	सु॒खेभ्यः॑ (sukhébhyaḥ)
ablative	सु॒खात् (sukhā́t)	सु॒खाभ्या॑म् (sukhā́bhyām)	सु॒खेभ्यः॑ (sukhébhyaḥ)
genitive	सु॒खस्य॑ (sukhásya)	सु॒खयोः॑ (sukháyoḥ)	सु॒खाना॑म् (sukhā́nām)
locative	सु॒खे (sukhé)	सु॒खयोः॑ (sukháyoḥ)	सु॒खेषु॑ (sukhéṣu)
vocative	सुख॑ (súkha)	सुखे॑ (súkhe)	सुखा॑नि (súkhāni) सुखा॑¹ (súkhā¹)

¹Vedic

Descendants

Prakrit: 𑀲𑀼𑀖 (sugha), 𑀲𑀼𑀳 (suha), 𑀲𑀼𑀓𑁆𑀔 (sukkha) (see there for further descendants)
Pali: sukha
- → Mon: သုခ
- → Burmese: သုခ (su.hka.)
- → Northern Thai: ᩈᩩᨡ
- → Shan: သုၵ်ႉၶႃႉ (sṵ̂k khâ̰a)
- → Thai: สุข (sùk)

Borrowed terms

Assamese: সুখ (xukh)
Bengali: সুখ (śukh)
Hindi: सुख (sukh)
Khmer: សុខ (sok)
Malay: suka
- Indonesian: suka
- Min Nan: 舒合 (su-kah)
Marathi: सुख (sukh)
Tamil: சுகம் (cukam)
Thai: สุข (sùk)
⇒ Telugu: సుఖము (sukhamu)

References

Monier Williams (1899), “सुख”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 1220, column 3.
Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992), “khá-”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎^[1] (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 442