दुःख

See also: दूःख, देखो, दाख, देख, देखि, दुखी, and दुःखी

Hindi

Alternative forms

• दुख (dukh)

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit दुःख (duḥkha).

Pronunciation

• (Delhi Hindi) IPA^(key): /d̪ʊkʰ/, /d̪ʊkkʰ/

Noun

दुःख • (duḥkh) m (Urdu spelling دکھ‎)

1. sorrow, grief, sadness

   अपना दुःख मित्र के साथ बाँटना चाहिए।

   apnā duḥkh mitra ke sāth bā̃ṭnā cāhie.

   You should share your sorrows with friends.

   Synonyms: ग़म (ġam), उदासी (udāsī)

2. suffering, distress

   उसने जीवन में बहुत दुःख उठाया।

   usne jīvan mẽ bahut duḥkh uṭhāyā.

   He has endured much suffering in his life.

   Synonym: कष्ट (kaṣṭ)

   Antonym: सुख (sukh)

Declension

Declension of दुःख (masc cons-stem)

	singular	plural
direct	दुःख duḥkh	दुःख duḥkh
oblique	दुःख duḥkh	दुःखों duḥkhõ
vocative	दुःख duḥkh	दुःखो duḥkho

References

• Bahri, Hardev, “दुःख”, in Siksarthi Hindi-Angrejhi Sabdakosa [Learners' Hindi-English Dictionary], Delhi: Rajpal & Sons, 1989

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Nepali

Alternative forms

• दुख (dukha)

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit दुःख (duḥkha).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /d̪ukʰʌ/, [d̪uk̞ʰʌ], /d̪ukkʰʌ/, [d̪uk̚kʰʌ]

Noun

दुःख • (duḥkha)

1. sorrow, grief, sadness
2. suffering, distress

   Synonyms: वेदना (vedanā), कष्ट (kaṣṭa), क्लेश (kleś)

   Antonym: सुख (sukha)

3. trouble, hardship

   Synonym: तकलीफ (taklīph)

4. shortage, need

References

• “दुःख”, in नेपाली बृहत् शब्दकोश (Nepālī Br̥hat Śabdakoś) [Comprehensive Nepali Dictionary], Kathmandu: Nepal Academy, 2018
• Schmidt, Ruth L. (1993) , “दुःख”, in A Practical Dictionary of Modern Nepali, Ratna Sagar

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Sanskrit

Alternative forms

• दुक्ष (dukṣa)
• दुᳵख (duxkha)

Etymology

Probably reborrowed from a Prakrit form of earlier दुःस्थ (duḥstha, “poor”), from दुस्- (dus-, “bad”) +‎ स्था (sthā, “to stand”).

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /d̪uh.kʰɐ́/, [d̪ux.kʰɐ́]
• (Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈd̪uh.kʰɐ/

Noun

दुःख • (duḥkhá) n

1. sorrow, distress, suffering, grief, misery, uneasiness, pain

Declension

Neuter a-stem declension of दुःख (duḥkhá)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	दुःखम् duḥkhám	दुःखे duḥkhé	दुःखानि / दुःखा¹ duḥkhā́ni / duḥkhā́¹
Vocative	दुःख dúḥkha	दुःखे dúḥkhe	दुःखानि / दुःखा¹ dúḥkhāni / dúḥkhā¹
Accusative	दुःखम् duḥkhám	दुःखे duḥkhé	दुःखानि / दुःखा¹ duḥkhā́ni / duḥkhā́¹
Instrumental	दुःखेन duḥkhéna	दुःखाभ्याम् duḥkhā́bhyām	दुःखैः / दुःखेभिः¹ duḥkhaíḥ / duḥkhébhiḥ¹
Dative	दुःखाय duḥkhā́ya	दुःखाभ्याम् duḥkhā́bhyām	दुःखेभ्यः duḥkhébhyaḥ
Ablative	दुःखात् duḥkhā́t	दुःखाभ्याम् duḥkhā́bhyām	दुःखेभ्यः duḥkhébhyaḥ
Genitive	दुःखस्य duḥkhásya	दुःखयोः duḥkháyoḥ	दुःखानाम् duḥkhā́nām
Locative	दुःखे duḥkhé	दुःखयोः duḥkháyoḥ	दुःखेषु duḥkhéṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Neuter a-stem declension of दुᳵख (duxkhá)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	दुᳵखम् duxkhám	दुᳵखे duxkhé	दुᳵखानि / दुᳵखा¹ duxkhā́ni / duxkhā́¹
Vocative	दुᳵख dúxkha	दुᳵखे dúxkhe	दुᳵखानि / दुᳵखा¹ dúxkhāni / dúxkhā¹
Accusative	दुᳵखम् duxkhám	दुᳵखे duxkhé	दुᳵखानि / दुᳵखा¹ duxkhā́ni / duxkhā́¹
Instrumental	दुᳵखेन duxkhéna	दुᳵखाभ्याम् duxkhā́bhyām	दुᳵखैः / दुᳵखेभिः¹ duxkhaíḥ / duxkhébhiḥ¹
Dative	दुᳵखाय duxkhā́ya	दुᳵखाभ्याम् duxkhā́bhyām	दुᳵखेभ्यः duxkhébhyaḥ
Ablative	दुᳵखात् duxkhā́t	दुᳵखाभ्याम् duxkhā́bhyām	दुᳵखेभ्यः duxkhébhyaḥ
Genitive	दुᳵखस्य duxkhásya	दुᳵखयोः duxkháyoḥ	दुᳵखानाम् duxkhā́nām
Locative	दुᳵखे duxkhé	दुᳵखयोः duxkháyoḥ	दुᳵखेषु duxkhéṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Descendants

• Assamese: দুখ (dukh)
• → Bengali: দুঃখ (duḥkhô)
• → Bikol Central: dukha
• → Hindi: दुःख (duḥkh)
• → Nepali: दुःख (duḥkha)
• → Pali: dukkha
  • → Malay: duka
  • → Burmese: ဒုက္ခ (dukhka.)
  • → English: dukkha
  • → Thai: ทุกข์ (túk)
  • → Khmer: ទុក្ខ (tuk)
  • → Tagalog: dukhâ
• → Tagalog: dukha
• → Urdu: دکّھ‎ (dukkh)

Adjective

दुःख • (duḥkhá)

1. painful, uncomfortable, uneasy, difficult