一等

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Chinese

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one; single; a
one; single; a; (before verbs) as soon as, once; (before a noun) entire (family, etc.)
 
class; rank; grade
class; rank; grade; equal to; same as; wait for; await; et cetera; and so on
 
trad. (一等)
simp. #(一等)

Pronunciation

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Adjective

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一等

  1. (attributive) first-class; first-rate; top; the best

Derived terms

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Japanese

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Kanji in this term
いち > いっ
Grade: 1
とう
Grade: 3
on'yomi

Pronunciation

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Noun

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(いっ)(とう) (ittō

  1. first-class, first-rate, top, the best

Descendants

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  • Min Nan: 一度 (it-tó͘, it-tó)

References

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  1. 1.0 1.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

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Hanja in this term

Noun

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一等 (ildeung) (hangeul 일등)

  1. hanja form? of 일등 (first place)

Old Korean

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Alternative forms

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  • 一等隱 (form with more phonograms)
  • 一隱 (form marking coda consonant only)

Etymology

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Sometimes connected to Middle Korean ᄀᆞᆮ (kot, as, like, particle). The relationship to Middle Korean ᄒᆞ낳 (hònàh, one) is not clear. May be related to Baekje 伽第𢀳 (*gadəp, one).

Alexander Vovin (2010) asserts that Japanese (kata) is "certainly a Korean loanword" from this word.[1] However, Vovin's source for the Koreanic term is a document that is over 500 years newer than the first Japonic mention; it would have to be an earlier borrowing into Japanese.

Numeral

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一等 (*HAton(h) or *HOton(h))

  1. one

Reconstruction notes

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The twelfth-century wordlist Jilin leishi transcribes this word, with no transparent Middle Korean reflex, with the Chinese characters . As the reconstructed Song dynasty pronunciation of these characters is *ɦɑ tʰuən, the numeral is conventionally reconstructed as *HAton or *HOton, the latter in order to enable a connection to Middle Korean ᄒᆞ낳 (hònàh, one) and Middle Korean ᄒᆞᄅᆞ (hòlò, one day).

The c. 760 poem Docheonsugwaneum-ga appears to write the locative particle *-a as (*-ha) instead of the expected (*-a) when following 一等, suggesting that an additional consonant, probably *h, may have followed the final nasal.

Descendants

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References

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  • 조규태 [jogyutae] (2006) “한국어 수사의 어원과 어형 변화에 대하여 [han'gugeo susaui eowon'gwa eohyeong byeonhwa'e daehayeo, On the etymologies and changes of Korean numerals]”, in Eomunhak, volume 94, pages 81—117
  • 박지용 外 (Park Ji-yong et al.) (2012) 향가 해독 자료집 [hyangga haedok jaryojip, A Sourcebook of Hyangga Interpretations], Seoul National University, pages 92, 145
  • 남풍현 (Nam Pung-hyun) (2017) “도천수관음가의 새로운 해독 [docheonsugwaneumgaui saeroun haedok, A new reading of the Docheonsugwaneum-ga]”, in Gugyeol Yeon'gu, volume 45, pages 7–29
  • 이승재 (Lee Seung-jae) (2017) 木簡에 기록된 古代 韓國語 [The Old Korean Language Inscribed on Wooden Tablets], Iljogag
  1. ^ Vovin, Alexander (2010) Koreo-Japonica: A Re-Evaluation of a Common Genetic Origin, University of Hawai’i Press, →ISBN, →JSTOR