和尚
Chinese
mix together; peace; harmony mix together; peace; harmony; and; with; union; cap (a poem); respond in singing; soft; warm |
still; yet; to value still; yet; to value; to esteem | ||
---|---|---|---|
trad. (和尚/和尙) | 和 | 尚/尙 | |
simp. (和尚) | 和 | 尚 | |
alternative forms |
Etymology
“Senior monk who holds the precepts-granting ceremony; preceptor” > “high priest; head monk” > “Buddhist monks in general”. First attested in the 3rd–4th centuries, as 和上.
Borrowed from Prakrit uvajjhāa, uajjhāa, ujjhāa, ojjhāa, ojhāa, ujjhā, ujjha (“teacher; religious teacher”), all ultimately derived from Sanskrit उपाध्याय (upādhyāya, “teacher; preceptor; spiritual adviser”) (Chu, 2002). The use of 上 (MC dzyangH) or 尚 (MC dzyangH) to render Prakrit jjhāa /d̚d͡ʑʱɑː.ɐ/ was probably influenced by:
- The loss of the nasal –ŋ coda in the ancient northwestern dialect of Middle Chinese, and
- The use of phono-semantic matching in transcription, with 尚 taken to mean “noble; virtuous; to revere” (idem).
Compare Pali upajjhāya, upajjhā, upajjha (“spiritual teacher or preceptor”), Hindi ओझा (ojhā, “exorcist”), Sindhi واڍو / वाढो (vāḍho, “carpenter”), Assamese ওজা (ûza, “one well-versed in any art; teacher; sorcerer”), Bengali ওঝা (ōjha, “snake-charmer; exorcist”), Odia ଓଝା (ojhā, “teacher; one who cures snake-bites; wizard; exorcist; title of blacksmiths and carpenters”), Malayalam വാധ്യായന് (vādhyāyaṉ, “teacher; family priest”), Tamil வாத்தியார் (vāttiyār, “teacher; family priest; one who trains actors and dancers”).
Alternative theories, such as those put forth by Tang Dynasty monks Xuanying and Huiyuan, hypothesise that this was borrowed from Khotanese or language of the Shule Kingdom, but these appear less likely.
Pronunciation
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Noun
(deprecated template usage) 和尚
Synonyms
- (more faithful transcription in Tang Dynasty) 鄔波馱耶/邬波驮耶
- (Buddhist monk): 僧 (sēng), 比丘 (bǐqiū), 僧人 (sēngrén)
Derived terms
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Descendants
Others:
- → Zhuang: hozsiengh
Japanese
Etymology 1
Kanji in this term | |
---|---|
和 | 尚 |
お Grade: 3 |
しょう Grade: S |
tōon |
Alternative spelling |
---|
和尙 (kyūjitai) |
Pronunciation
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Noun
- (Zen or Pure Land Buddhism) Buddhist priest
- a Buddhist priest who is the head of a temple or in a higher rank.
- title and style for high ranked Buddhist priests.
- a Buddhist priest master who gives instructions to other priests.
Synonyms
- (a Buddhist priest who is the head of the temple or in a higher rank): 住職 (jūshoku)
- (a title for Buddhist priests): 和上 (wajō), 和闍 (wajō)
Etymology 2
Kanji in this term | |
---|---|
和 | 尚 |
か Grade: 3 |
しょう Grade: S |
kan'on |
Alternative spelling |
---|
和尙 (kyūjitai) |
Pronunciation
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Noun
和尚 • (kashō) ←くわしやう (kwasyau)?
- (Tendai or Kegon Buddhism) preceptor; high priest
Etymology 3
Kanji in this term | |
---|---|
和 | 尚 |
わ Grade: 3 |
しょう > じょう Grade: S |
goon |
Alternative spelling |
---|
和尙 (kyūjitai) |
Pronunciation
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Noun
- (Shingon, Hosso, Ritsu or Shin Buddhism) preceptor; high priest
References
Vietnamese
chữ Hán Nôm in this term | |
---|---|
和 | 尚 |
Noun
和尚
- chữ Hán form of hoà thượng (“senior Buddhist monk”).
- Chinese terms derived from Prakrit languages
- Chinese terms derived from Sanskrit
- Chinese phono-semantic matchings
- Chinese lemmas
- Chinese nouns
- zh:Buddhism
- Advanced Mandarin
- zh:People
- zh:Occupations
- Japanese terms spelled with 和 read as お
- Japanese terms spelled with 尚 read as しょう
- Japanese terms read with tōon
- Japanese lemmas
- Japanese nouns
- Japanese terms historically spelled with を
- Japanese terms with multiple readings
- Japanese terms spelled with third grade kanji
- Japanese terms spelled with secondary school kanji
- Japanese terms with 2 kanji
- Japanese terms spelled with 和 read as か
- Japanese terms read with kan'on
- Japanese terms historically spelled with わ
- Japanese terms spelled with 和 read as わ
- Japanese terms read with goon
- ja:Buddhism
- Vietnamese lemmas
- Vietnamese nouns
- Vietnamese nouns in Han script
- Vietnamese Chữ Hán