棲

See also: 栖

Translingual

Han character

棲 (Kangxi radical 75, 木+8, 12 strokes, cangjie input 木十中女 (DJLV), four-corner 4594₄, composition ⿰木妻)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 534, character 17
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14980
• Dae Jaweon: page 922, character 13
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1229, character 6
• Unihan data for U+68F2

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Chinese

trad.		棲
simp.		栖*

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (妻) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
妻	*sʰiːl, *sʰiːls
萋	*sʰiːl
淒	*sʰiːl
凄	*sʰiːl
悽	*sʰiːl
鶈	*sʰiːl
郪	*sʰiːl, *sʰil
緀	*sʰiːl, *sʰiːlʔ
霋	*sʰiːl
棲	*siːl

Before the Warring States Period, written as '西'. Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *siːl) : semantic 木 (“tree”) + phonetic 妻 (OC *sʰiːl, *sʰiːls).

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): qī (qi¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄑㄧ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): cai¹
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): chhe / soe

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: qī
    • Zhuyin: ㄑㄧ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: ci
    • Wade–Giles: chʻi¹
    • Yale: chī
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chi
    • Palladius: ци (ci)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰi⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: cai¹
    • Yale: chāi
    • Cantonese Pinyin: tsai¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: cei¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰɐi̯⁵⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhe
    • Tâi-lô: tshe
    • Phofsit Daibuun: zhef
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰe³³/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰe⁴⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: soe
    • Tâi-lô: sue
    • Phofsit Daibuun: soef
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /sue³³/

Note:

• chhe - literary;
• soe - vernacular.

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• Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 棲
Mandarin	Beijing	/t͡ɕʰi⁵⁵/
	Harbin	/t͡ɕʰi⁴⁴/
	Tianjin	/t͡ɕʰi²¹/
	Jinan	/t͡ɕʰi²¹³/
	Qingdao	/t͡sʰi²¹³/
	Zhengzhou	/t͡sʰi²⁴/
	Xi'an	/t͡ɕʰi²¹/
	Xining	/ɕji⁴⁴/
	Yinchuan	/t͡ɕʰi⁴⁴/
	Lanzhou	/ɕi³¹/ /t͡ɕʰi³¹/
	Ürümqi	/t͡ɕʰi⁴⁴/
	Wuhan	/t͡ɕʰi⁵⁵/
	Chengdu	/t͡ɕʰi⁵⁵/
	Guiyang	/ɕi⁵⁵/
	Kunming	/t͡ɕi⁴⁴/
	Nanjing	/t͡sʰi³¹/
	Hefei	/t͡sʰz̩²¹/
Jin	Taiyuan	/t͡ɕʰi¹¹/
	Pingyao
	Hohhot	/t͡ɕʰi³¹/
Wu	Shanghai	/t͡ɕʰi⁵³/
	Suzhou	/t͡sʰi⁵⁵/
	Hangzhou	/t͡ɕʰi³³/
	Wenzhou	/t͡sʰei³³/
Hui	Shexian	/t͡sʰi³¹/
	Tunxi
Xiang	Changsha	/t͡sʰi³³/
	Xiangtan	/si³³/
Gan	Nanchang
Hakka	Meixian	/t͡si⁴⁴/
	Taoyuan	/t͡sʰi²⁴/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/t͡sʰɐi⁵³/
	Nanning	/t͡sʰɐi⁵⁵/
	Hong Kong	/t͡sʰɐi⁵³/
Min	Xiamen (Hokkien)	/se⁵⁵/ /t͡sʰe⁵⁵/ ～身
	Fuzhou (Eastern Min)	/t͡sʰɛ⁴⁴/
	Jian'ou (Northern Min)	/t͡sʰi⁵⁴/
	Shantou (Teochew)	/t͡sʰi³³/
	Haikou (Hainanese)	/si²³/

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• Middle Chinese: sej

Rime
Character	棲
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	心 (16)
Final (韻)	齊 (39)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	IV
Fanqie	先稽切
Baxter	sej
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/sei/
Pan Wuyun	/sei/
Shao Rongfen	/sɛi/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/sɛj/
Li Rong	/sei/
Wang Li	/siei/
Bernard Karlgren	/siei/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	xī
Expected Cantonese Reflex	sai1

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*s-nˤər/

  (Zhengzhang): /*siːl/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	棲
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	qī
Middle Chinese	‹ sej ›
Old Chinese	/*s-nˁər/
English	bird"s nest
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	棲
Reading #	1/1
No.	9924
Phonetic component	妻
Rime group	脂
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	西
Old Chinese	/*siːl/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 棲

1. to perch
2. to roost
3. to stay

Etymology 2

For pronunciation and definitions of 棲 – see 栖 (“used in 栖栖”). (This character is a variant traditional form of 栖).

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Japanese

Kanji

棲

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names)

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Readings

• On (unclassified): せい (sei)
• Kun: すむ (sumu, 棲む)

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Korean

Hanja

棲 (eum 서 (seo))

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Vietnamese

Han character

棲: Hán Nôm readings: thê

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