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Chinese [ edit ]
to rule; to govern; to manage
to rule; to govern; to manage; to control; to harness (a river); cure; treatment; to heal
country; state; nation
trad. (治國 )
治
國
simp. (治国 )
治
国
Pronunciation [ edit ]
Rime
Character
治
治
治
國
Reading #
1/3
2/3
3/3
1/1
Initial (聲 )
澄 (11)
澄 (11)
澄 (11)
見 (28)
Final (韻 )
之 (19)
脂 (17)
之 (19)
登 (132)
Tone (調 )
Level (Ø)
Departing (H)
Departing (H)
Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合 )
Open
Open
Open
Closed
Division (等 )
III
III
III
I
Fanqie
直 之 切
直 利 切
直 吏 切
古 或 切
Baxter
dri
drijH
driH
kwok
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang
/ɖɨ /
/ɖˠiɪH /
/ɖɨH /
/kwək̚ /
Pan Wuyun
/ɖɨ /
/ɖᵚiH /
/ɖɨH /
/kʷək̚ /
Shao Rongfen
/ȡie /
/ȡiɪH /
/ȡieH /
/kuək̚ /
Edwin Pulleyblank
/ɖɨ /
/ɖjiH /
/ɖɨH /
/kwək̚ /
Li Rong
/ȡiə /
/ȡjiH /
/ȡiəH /
/kuək̚ /
Wang Li
/ȡĭə /
/ȡiH /
/ȡĭəH /
/kuək̚ /
Bernard Karlgren
/ȡʱi /
/ȡʱiH /
/ȡʱiH /
/kwək̚ /
Expected Mandarin Reflex
chí
zhì
zhì
guo
Expected Cantonese Reflex
ci4
zi6
zi6
gwak1
Baxter –Sagart system 1.1 (2014 )
Character
治
治
國
Reading #
1/2
2/2
1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)
chí
zhì
guó
Middle Chinese
‹ dri ›
‹ driH ›
‹ kwok ›
Old Chinese
/*C.lrə/
/*lrə-s/
/*[C.q]ʷˁək/
English
regulate, arrange
regulate, arrange
state (n.)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:
* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;
* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
治
治
治
國
Reading #
1/3
2/3
3/3
1/1
No.
12288
12289
12302
5547
Phonetic component
台
台
台
或
Rime group
之
之
脂
職
Rime subdivision
0
0
2
0
Corresponding MC rime
治
值
緻
國
Old Chinese
/*l'ɯ/
/*l'ɯs/
/*l'is/
/*kʷɯːɡ/
治國
to govern a state ; to run a country ; to administer state affairs
依法 治國 / 依法 治国 ― yīfǎ zhìguó ― law-based governance
格物 、致知 、誠意 、正心 、修身 、齊家 、治國 、平天下 。 [MSC , trad. ] 格物 、致知 、诚意 、正心 、修身 、齐家 、治国 、平天下 。 [MSC , simp. ] Géwù, zhìzhī, chéngyì, zhèngxīn, xiūshēn, qíjiā, zhìguó , píngtiānxià. [Pinyin] Investigate the nature of things, pursue knowledge, act in good faith, rectify one's mind, cultivate one's moral character, manage one's household, administer state affairs and bring peace to the nation.
Synonyms [ edit ]
( literary ) 經國 / 经国 (jīngguó )
Derived terms [ edit ]