海原

Chinese

		ocean; sea	former; original; primary former; original; primary; raw; level; cause; source
simp. and trad. (海原)		海	原

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): Hǎiyuán

  (Zhuyin): ㄏㄞˇ ㄩㄢˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): hoi² jyun⁴

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: Hǎiyuán
    • Zhuyin: ㄏㄞˇ ㄩㄢˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: Hǎiyuán
    • Wade–Giles: Hai³-yüan²
    • Yale: Hǎi-ywán
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Haeyuan
    • Palladius: Хайюань (Xajjuanʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɥɛn³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: hoi² jyun⁴
    • Yale: hói yùhn
    • Cantonese Pinyin: hoi² jyn⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: hoi² yun⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /hɔːi̯³⁵ jyːn²¹/
    • Homophones:

      edit edit 海原 海員／海员

Proper noun

(deprecated template usage) 海原

1. (～縣) Haiyuan County (a county of Ningxia, China)

(deprecated template usage)

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Japanese

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
海	原
う(な) Grade: 2	はら > ばら Grade: 2
irregular

Alternative spelling
海原 (kyūjitai)

⟨u na para⟩ → /unapara/ → /unafara/ → /unabara/

First attested in the Kojiki (712 CE).

Originally a compound of 海(う) (u, “sea, ocean”, compounding form) + な (-, Old Japanese possessive particle) + 原(はら) (hara, “plain, field”).

The shift to bara occurred in Middle Japanese, an instance of rendaku (連濁).

Noun

海(うな)原(ばら) • (unabara) 

1. a wide ocean (or other surface of water)
   • c. 759, Man’yōshū, book 7, poem 1089:
     , text here

     大海(おほうみ)尓(に)嶋(しま)毛(も)不在(あらなく)尓(に)海(うな)原(はらの)絶塔(たゆたふ)浪(なみ)尓(に)立有(たてる)白雲(しらくも) [Man'yōgana]

     大海(おほうみ)に島(しま)もあらなくに海原(うなはら)のたゆたふ波(なみ)に立(た)てる白雲(しらくも) [Modern spelling]

     ōumi ni shima mo aranaku ni unahara no tayutau nami ni tateru shirakumo

     On the vast ocean not a single island in sight and yet, far beyond the rolling surface of the sea, white clouds rising high.

Proper noun

海(うな)原(ばら) • (Unabara) 

Derived terms

• 青(あお)海原(うなばら) (ao unabara, “vast blue ocean”)
• 大(おお)海原(うなばら) (ō-unabara, “great, vast ocean”)

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
海	原
う > うの Grade: 2	はら Grade: 2
irregular

Alternative spelling
海原 (kyūjitai)

⟨u no₂ para⟩ → /unopara/ → /unofara/ → /unohara/

The Eastern Old Japanese variant, attested in poems of the Man'yōshū (c. 759 CE).

Originally a compound of 海(う) (u, “sea, ocean”, compounding form) + の (-, possessive particle) + 原(はら) (hara, “plain, field”).

Noun

海(うの)原(はら) • (unohara) 

1. (obsolete) a wide ocean (or other surface of water)
   • c. 759, Man’yōshū, book 20, poem 4328:
     , text here (also Aikoku Hyakunin Isshu, poem 18)

     於保吉美能(おほきみの)美許等可之古美(みことかしこみ)伊蘇尓布理(いそにふり)宇乃波良(うのはら)和多流(わたる)知々波々乎於伎弖(ちちははをおきて) [Man'yōgana]

     大君(おほきみ)の命(みこと)畏(かしこ)み磯(いそ)に触(ふ)り海原(うのはら)渡(わた)る父母(ちちはは)を置(お)きて [Modern spelling]

     ōkimi no mikoto kashikomi iso ni furi unohara wataru chichi-haha o okite

     Respectfully accepting the order of the Emperor, I must leave my parents shortly and go, my ship brushing submerged rocks at sea.

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
海	原
かい Grade: 2	はら > わら Grade: 2
jūbakoyomi

Alternative spelling
海原 (kyūjitai)

Compound of 海 (kai, “sea, ocean”, the on'yomi or Chinese-derived reading) +‎ 原 (hara, “plain, field”, the kun'yomi or native Japanese reading). The shift of medial /h/ to /w/ is a regular sound change in certain compounds.

Proper noun

海(かい)原(わら) • (Kaiwara) ^{←かいはら (kaifara)?}

1. a place name