surname; encroach; soar | severe | ||
---|---|---|---|
trad. (淩厲/凌厲) | 淩/凌 | 厲 | |
simp. (凌厉) | 凌 | 厉 |
Rime | ||
---|---|---|
Character | 淩 | 厲 |
Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
Initial (聲) | 來 (37) | 來 (37) |
Final (韻) | 蒸 (133) | 祭 (35) |
Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Departing (H) |
Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
Division (等) | III | III |
Fanqie | 力膺切 | 力制切 |
Baxter | ling | ljejH |
Reconstructions | ||
Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/lɨŋ/ | /liᴇiH/ |
Pan Wuyun |
/lɨŋ/ | /liɛiH/ |
Shao Rongfen |
/lieŋ/ | /ljæiH/ |
Edwin Pulleyblank |
/liŋ/ | /liajH/ |
Li Rong |
/liəŋ/ | /liɛiH/ |
Wang Li |
/lĭəŋ/ | /lĭɛiH/ |
Bernard Karlgren |
/li̯əŋ/ | /li̯ɛiH/ |
Expected Mandarin Reflex |
líng | lì |
Expected Cantonese Reflex |
ling4 | lai6 |
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | |||
---|---|---|---|
Character | 厲 | 厲 | 厲 |
Reading # | 1/3 | 2/3 | 3/3 |
Modern Beijing (Pinyin) |
lì | lì | lì |
Middle Chinese |
‹ ljejH › | ‹ ljejH › | ‹ ljejH › |
Old Chinese |
/*[r]at-s/ | /*[r]at-s/ | /*[r]at-s/ |
English | cruel | grindstone | epidemic |
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; |
Zhengzhang system (2003) | ||
---|---|---|
Character | 淩 | 厲 |
Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
No. | 8249 | 12621 |
Phonetic component |
夌 | 萬 |
Rime group |
蒸 | 祭 |
Rime subdivision |
0 | 1 |
Corresponding MC rime |
陵 | 例 |
Old Chinese |
/*rɯŋ/ | /*m·rads/ |
淩厲
淩厲