淩厲

Chinese

		surname; encroach; soar	severe
trad. (淩厲/凌厲)		淩/凌	厲
simp. (凌厉)		凌	厉

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): línglì

  (Zhuyin): ㄌㄧㄥˊ ㄌㄧˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): ling⁴ lai⁶

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: línglì
    • Zhuyin: ㄌㄧㄥˊ ㄌㄧˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: línglì
    • Wade–Giles: ling²-li⁴
    • Yale: líng-lì
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: linglih
    • Palladius: линли (linli)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /liŋ³⁵ li⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: ling⁴ lai⁶
    • Yale: lìhng laih
    • Cantonese Pinyin: ling⁴ lai⁶
    • Guangdong Romanization: ling⁴ lei⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /lɪŋ²¹ lɐi̯²²/

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• Middle Chinese: ling ljejH

Rime
Character	淩	厲
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	來 (37)	來 (37)
Final (韻)	蒸 (133)	祭 (35)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	力膺切	力制切
Baxter	ling	ljejH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/lɨŋ/	/liᴇiH/
Pan Wuyun	/lɨŋ/	/liɛiH/
Shao Rongfen	/lieŋ/	/ljæiH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/liŋ/	/liajH/
Li Rong	/liəŋ/	/liɛiH/
Wang Li	/lĭəŋ/	/lĭɛiH/
Bernard Karlgren	/li̯əŋ/	/li̯ɛiH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	líng	lì
Expected Cantonese Reflex	ling4	lai6

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*rɯŋ  m·rads/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	厲	厲	厲
Reading #	1/3	2/3	3/3
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	lì	lì	lì
Middle Chinese	‹ ljejH ›	‹ ljejH ›	‹ ljejH ›
Old Chinese	/*[r]at-s/	/*[r]at-s/	/*[r]at-s/
English	cruel	grindstone	epidemic
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	淩	厲
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	8249	12621
Phonetic component	夌	萬
Rime group	蒸	祭
Rime subdivision	0	1
Corresponding MC rime	陵	例
Old Chinese	/*rɯŋ/	/*m·rads/

Adjective

淩厲

1. swift and fierce
2. (literary) strict; stern; severe
3. (literary, of a blade) sharp; sharp-edged; keen

Synonyms

• (swift and fierce): 迅猛 (xùnměng)
• (strict):

edit

• 厲害／厉害 (lìhài)
• 嚴／严 (yán)
• 嚴厲／严厉 (yánlì)
• 嚴峻／严峻 (yánjùn)
• 嚴正／严正 (yánzhèng)
• 嚴肅／严肃 (yánsù)
• 嚴酷／严酷 (yánkù)
• 尊重 (zūnzhòng)
• 整肅／整肃 (zhěngsù)
• 正經／正经
• 狠狠 (hěnhěn)
• 矜持 (jīnchí)
• 莊／庄 (zhuāng)
• 莊重／庄重 (zhuāngzhòng)
• 鄭重／郑重 (zhèngzhòng)

 

• (sharp):

edit

• 尖利 (jiānlì)
• 尖而鋒利／尖而锋利 (jiān ér fēnglì)
• 尖銳／尖锐 (jiānruì)
• 犀利 (xīlì)
• 鋩／铓 (Zhangzhou Hokkien)
• 鋒利／锋利 (fēnglì)
• 銳利／锐利 (ruìlì)
• 飛快／飞快 (fēikuài) (extremely sharp)

 

Verb

淩厲

1. (Classical) to soar

Synonyms

• 高飛／高飞 (gāofēi)
• (Classical Chinese) 翰飛／翰飞 (hànfēi)

Derived terms

• 淩厲攻勢／凌厉攻势