競合

Chinese

		to compete; to contend; to struggle	to close; to gather; to join to close; to gather; to join; to fit; all; together
trad. (競合)		競	合
simp. (竞合)		竞	合

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): jìnghé

  (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄥˋ ㄏㄜˊ

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: jìnghé
    • Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄥˋ ㄏㄜˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jìnghé
    • Wade–Giles: ching⁴-ho²
    • Yale: jìng-hé
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jinqher
    • Palladius: цзинхэ (czinxɛ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕiŋ⁵¹ xɤ³⁵/

Etymology 1

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “from Japanese?”)

Noun

競合

1. (law) concurrence

   想像競合／想像竞合  ―  xiǎngxiàng jìnghé  ―  ideal concurrence

   責任競合／责任竞合  ―  zérèn jìnghé  ―  liability concurrence

   法條競合／法条竞合  ―  fǎtiáo jìnghé  ―  overlap of enactments

Etymology 2

Short for 競爭／竞争 (jìngzhēng) + 合作 (hézuò).

Verb

競合

1. to coopete

Japanese

Kanji in this term
競	合
せ(り) Grade: 4	あ(い) Grade: 2
kun’yomi

Kanji in this term
競	合
きょう Grade: 4	ごう Grade: 2
on’yomi

Pronunciation

• On’yomi
• (Tokyo) きょーごー [kyòógóó] (Heiban – [0])
• IPA^(key): [kʲo̞ːɡo̞ː]

• Kun’yomi
• (Tokyo) せりあい [sèríáí] (Heiban – [0])
• IPA^(key): [se̞ɾʲia̠i]

Noun

競(きょう)合(ごう) or 競(せり)合(あい) • (kyōgō or seriai) 

1. competition, rivalry
2. Alternative spelling of 競り合い (seriai)

Verb

競(きょう)合(ごう)する • (kyōgō suru) intransitive suru (stem 競(きょう)合(ごう)し (kyōgō shi), past 競(きょう)合(ごう)した (kyōgō shita))

1. to compete

   Synonym: 競り合う (seriau)

Conjugation

Conjugation of "競合する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)

Stem forms
Imperfective (未然形)	競合し	きょうごうし	kyōgō shi
Continuative (連用形)	競合し	きょうごうし	kyōgō shi
Terminal (終止形)	競合する	きょうごうする	kyōgō suru
Attributive (連体形)	競合する	きょうごうする	kyōgō suru
Hypothetical (仮定形)	競合すれ	きょうごうすれ	kyōgō sure
Imperative (命令形)	競合せよ¹ 競合しろ²	きょうごうせよ¹ きょうごうしろ²	kyōgō seyo¹ kyōgō shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	競合される	きょうごうされる	kyōgō sareru
Causative	競合させる 競合さす	きょうごうさせる きょうごうさす	kyōgō saseru kyōgō sasu
Potential	競合できる	きょうごうできる	kyōgō dekiru
Volitional	競合しよう	きょうごうしよう	kyōgō shiyō
Negative	競合しない	きょうごうしない	kyōgō shinai
Negative continuative	競合せず	きょうごうせず	kyōgō sezu
Formal	競合します	きょうごうします	kyōgō shimasu
Perfective	競合した	きょうごうした	kyōgō shita
Conjunctive	競合して	きょうごうして	kyōgō shite
Hypothetical conditional	競合すれば	きょうごうすれば	kyōgō sureba
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative

Korean

Hanja in this term
競	合

Noun

競合 • (gyeonghap) (hangeul 경합)

1. Hanja form^? of 경합 (“competition”).