超過

See also: 超过

Chinese

		to exceed; overtake; surpass to exceed; overtake; surpass; transcend; ultra-; super-; to pass; to cross	to cross; to go over; (experienced action marker) to cross; to go over; (experienced action marker); to pass; to celebrate; to live; to get along; excessively; too-
trad. (超過)		超	過
simp. (超过)		超	过

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): chāoguò

  (Zhuyin): ㄔㄠ ㄍㄨㄛˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): ciu¹ gwo³
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chhêu-ko
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): chhiau-kè / chhiau-kòe / chhiau-kèr / thiau-kòe

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: chāoguò
    • Zhuyin: ㄔㄠ ㄍㄨㄛˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: chaoguò
    • Wade–Giles: chʻao¹-kuo⁴
    • Yale: chāu-gwò
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chauguoh
    • Palladius: чаого (čaogo)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʰɑʊ̯⁵⁵ ku̯ɔ⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: ciu¹ gwo³
    • Yale: chīu gwo
    • Cantonese Pinyin: tsiu¹ gwo³
    • Guangdong Romanization: qiu¹ guo³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰiːu̯⁵⁵ kʷɔː³³/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhêu-ko
    • Hakka Romanization System: ceu´ go
    • Hagfa Pinyim: ceu¹ go⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰeu̯²⁴⁻¹¹ ko⁵⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Jinjiang, Taipei, Philippines)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhiau-kè
    • Tâi-lô: tshiau-kè
    • Phofsit Daibuun: chiau'kex
    • IPA (Jinjiang, Philippines): /t͡sʰiau³³ ke⁴¹/
    • IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sʰiau⁴⁴⁻²² ke²¹/
    • IPA (Taipei): /t͡sʰiau⁴⁴⁻³³ ke¹¹/
  • (Hokkien: Kaohsiung)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhiau-kòe
    • Tâi-lô: tshiau-kuè
    • Phofsit Daibuun: chiau'koex
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰiau⁴⁴⁻³³ kue²¹/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhiau-kèr
    • Tâi-lô: tshiau-kèr
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰiau³³ kə⁴¹/
  • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thiau-kòe
    • Tâi-lô: thiau-kuè
    • Phofsit Daibuun: tiau'koex
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /tʰiau⁴⁴⁻²² kue²¹/

Verb

超過

1. to outstrip; to surpass; to exceed; to be ahead of; to overtake

   事實上，我們在科研方面遠遠超過他們。 [MSC, trad.]
   事实上，我们在科研方面远远超过他们。 [MSC, simp.]

   Shìshíshàng, wǒmen zài kēyán fāngmiàn yuǎnyuǎn chāoguò tāmen. [Pinyin]

   As a matter of fact, we are far ahead of them in scientific research.

Synonyms

(deprecated template usage)

• 出乎 (chūhū)
• 勝過／胜过 (shèngguò)
• 強似／强似 (qiángsì) (formal)
• 強過／强过 (Quanzhou Hokkien)
• 愈 (yù) (formal)
• 蓋／盖 (literary)
• 蓋過／盖过 (Hakka)
• 賽過／赛过 (sàiguò)
• 超 (chāo)
• 超出 (chāochū)
• 越出 (yuèchū)
• 超越 (chāoyuè)
• 越過／越过 (yuèguò)
• 跨越 (kuàyuè)
• 軼越／轶越 (yìyuè) (literary)
• 逾越 (yúyuè)
• 開過／开过 (kāiguò) (Beijing Mandarin)

 

Derived terms

(deprecated template usage)

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Japanese

Kanji in this term
超	過
ちょう Grade: S	か Grade: 5
on'yomi

Noun

超(ちょう)過(か) • (chōka) 

1. excess

Verb

超(ちょう)過(か)する • (chōka suru) suru (stem 超(ちょう)過(か)し (chōka shi), past 超(ちょう)過(か)した (chōka shita))

1. exceed

Conjugation

Conjugation of "超過する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	超過し	ちょうかし	chōka shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	超過し	ちょうかし	chōka shi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	超過する	ちょうかする	chōka suru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	超過する	ちょうかする	chōka suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	超過すれ	ちょうかすれ	chōka sure
Meireikei ("imperative")	超過せよ¹ 超過しろ²	ちょうかせよ¹ ちょうかしろ²	chōka seyo¹ chōka shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	超過される	ちょうかされる	chōka sareru
Causative	超過させる 超過さす	ちょうかさせる ちょうかさす	chōka saseru chōka sasu
Potential	超過できる	ちょうかできる	chōka dekiru
Volitional	超過しよう	ちょうかしよう	chōka shiyō
Negative	超過しない	ちょうかしない	chōka shinai
Negative continuative	超過せず	ちょうかせず	chōka sezu
Formal	超過します	ちょうかします	chōka shimasu
Perfective	超過した	ちょうかした	chōka shita
Conjunctive	超過して	ちょうかして	chōka shite
Hypothetical conditional	超過すれば	ちょうかすれば	chōka sureba
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative