霰

Translingual

Han character

霰 (Kangxi radical 173, 雨+12, 20 strokes, cangjie input 一月廿月大 (MBTBK), four-corner 1024₈, composition ⿱雨散)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 1378, character 16
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 42458
• Dae Jaweon: page 1887, character 33
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4076, character 14
• Unihan data for U+9730

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Chinese

trad.		霰
simp. #		霰

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (散) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
散	*saːnʔ, *saːns
糤	*saːnʔ
繖	*saːnʔ, *saːns
饊	*saːnʔ
鏾	*saːnʔ
潸	*sraːn, *sraːnʔ
霰	*sqʰeːns
撒	*saːd

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): xiàn (xian⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄢˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): sin³
• Wu (Wugniu)
  • (Northern): ⁵shi

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: xiàn
    • Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄢˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: siàn
    • Wade–Giles: hsien⁴
    • Yale: syàn
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shiann
    • Palladius: сянь (sjanʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: sin³
    • Yale: sin
    • Cantonese Pinyin: sin³
    • Guangdong Romanization: xin³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /siːn³³/
• Wu
  • (Shanghai):
    • Wugniu: ⁵shi
    • MiniDict: shi^去
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ²xi
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ɕi³⁴/

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• Middle Chinese: senH

Rime
Character	霰
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	心 (16)
Final (韻)	先 (85)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	IV
Fanqie	蘇佃切
Baxter	senH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/senH/
Pan Wuyun	/senH/
Shao Rongfen	/sɛnH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/sɛnH/
Li Rong	/senH/
Wang Li	/sienH/
Bernard Karlgren	/sienH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	xiàn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	sin3

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*sˤ[e]r-s/

  (Zhengzhang): /*sqʰeːns/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	霰
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	xiàn
Middle Chinese	‹ senH ›
Old Chinese	/*sˁ[e]r-s/
English	sleet
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	霰
Reading #	1/1
No.	10976
Phonetic component	散
Rime group	元
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	霰
Old Chinese	/*sqʰeːns/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 霰

1. graupel; hail; sleet

   Template:zh-syn

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Japanese

霰(arare)

Kanji

霰

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

• Go-on: せん (sen)
• Kan-on: せん (sen)
• Kan’yō-on: さん (san)
• Kun: あられ (arare, 霰)

Etymology

Kanji in this term
霰
あられ Hyōgaiji
kun’yomi

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) あられ [àráré] (Heiban – [0])
• IPA^(key): [a̠ɾa̠ɾe̞]

Noun

霰(あられ) • (arare) 

1. hail under five millimeters in diameter
2. diced pieces of food

Synonyms

• (hail): 雹(ひょう) (hyō) (when five millimeters or wider)

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Korean

Hanja

霰 • (seon, san) (hangeul 선, 산)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.