鞏固

See also: 巩固

Chinese

		secure; solid	hard; strong; solid hard; strong; solid; sure
trad. (鞏固)		鞏	固
simp. (巩固)		巩	固

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): gǒnggù

  (Zhuyin): ㄍㄨㄥˇ ㄍㄨˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): gung² gu³
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): khióng-kò͘ / kióng-kò͘

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: gǒnggù
    • Zhuyin: ㄍㄨㄥˇ ㄍㄨˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: gǒnggù
    • Wade–Giles: kung³-ku⁴
    • Yale: gǔng-gù
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: goongguh
    • Palladius: гунгу (gungu)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ku⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: gung² gu³
    • Yale: gúng gu
    • Cantonese Pinyin: gung² gu³
    • Guangdong Romanization: gung² gu³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʊŋ³⁵ kuː³³/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khióng-kò͘
    • Tâi-lô: khióng-kòo
    • Phofsit Daibuun: qiofngkox
    • Sinological IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /kʰiɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kɔ²¹/
    • Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰiɔŋ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ kɔ⁴¹/
  • (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kióng-kò͘
    • Tâi-lô: kióng-kòo
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kiofngkox
    • Sinological IPA (Taipei): /kiɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kɔ¹¹/
    • Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /kiɔŋ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ kɔ²¹/

Adjective

鞏固

1. (usually of abstract concepts) solid; stable; consolidated; strong

Synonyms

edit

• 堅固 / 坚固 (jiāngù)
• 堅實 / 坚实 (jiānshí)
• 堅硬 / 坚硬 (jiānyìng)
• 扎實
• 深厚 (shēnhòu) (figurative, of foundations)
• 牢 (láo)
• 牢固 (láogù)
• 牢牢 (láoláo)
• 牢靠 (láokào)
• 瓷 (cí)
• 穩固 / 稳固 (wěngù)
• 結實 / 结实
• 緊實 / 紧实 (jǐnshí)
• 鞏 / 巩 (gǒng) (literary, or in compounds)

Verb

鞏固

1. to consolidate; to strengthen; to solidify

   為了鞏固學過的知識，你們一定要多做練習。 [MSC, trad.]
   为了巩固学过的知识，你们一定要多做练习。 [MSC, simp.]

   Wèile gǒnggù xué guò de zhīshí, nǐmen yīdìng yào duō zuò liànxí. [Pinyin]

   You should all do more revision to consolidate what you've learnt.

Usage notes

This term is often used with abstract concepts like defense, foundation, knowledge, power, etc.

Synonyms

edit

• 充實 / 充实 (chōngshí)
• 加固 (jiāgù)
• 加強 / 加强 (jiāqiáng)
• 堅定 / 坚定 (jiāndìng)
• 增強 / 增强 (zēngqiáng)
• 壯 / 壮
• 壯大 / 壮大 (zhuàngdà)
• 強化 / 强化 (qiánghuà)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
鞏	固
きょう Hyōgai	こ Grade: 4
on'yomi

For pronunciation and definitions of 鞏固 – see the following entry.

【強固きょうこ】 [adjective] firm, strong [adjective] stable, secure [noun] firmness, strength [noun] stability, security

(This term, 鞏固, is an alternative spelling (dated) of the above term.)