Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/pleh₁-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Root

*pleh₁- (perfective)

1. to fill

Derived terms

• *pleh₁-t (root aorist)
  • Hellenic:
    • Ancient Greek: πλῆτο (plêto)
  • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *HápraHt
    • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *HápraHt
      • Sanskrit: अप्रात् (áprāt)
• *pí-pleh₁-ti ~ *pí-pl̥h₁-n̥ti (reduplicated present)
  • Hellenic:
    • Ancient Greek: πίμπλημι (pímplēmi)
  • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *píparti
    • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *píparti
      • Sanskrit: पिपर्ति (píparti)
    • Proto-Iranian: *píparti
      • Avestan: 𐬵𐬀𐬨-𐬞𐬁𐬟𐬭𐬁𐬌𐬙𐬌 (ham-pāfrāⁱti)
• *pl̥-né-h₁-ti ~ *pl̥-n-h₁-énti (nasal-infix present)
  • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *pr̥náHti (see there for further descendants)
• *pleh₁-ye-ti (ye-present)
  • Proto-Italic: *plēō
    • Latin: pleō
• *pléh₁-dʰeh₁-
  • Proto-Hellenic:
    • Ancient Greek: πλήθω (plḗthō)
• *pléh₁-dʰuh₁-
  • Hellenic:
    • Ancient Greek: πληθύς (plēthús)
  • Proto-Italic: *plēðūs
    • Latin: plēbs
• *po-ploh₁-s
  • (perhaps) Proto-Italic: *poplos
    • Latin: populus
• *pl̥h₁-go-m
  • Proto-Germanic: *fulką (“folk”) (see there for further descendants)
• *pl̥h₁-nó-s (“full”)
• *pleh₁-ro-s (“full”)
  • Proto-Hellenic:
    • Ancient Greek: πλήρης (plḗrēs)
  • Proto-Italic: *plēros
    • Latin: plērus
• *pl̥h₁-tó-s (“full”)
  • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *praHtás
    • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *praHtás
      • Sanskrit: प्रात (prātá)
• *pélh₁-u-
  • Proto-Celtic: *ɸilus
    • Old Irish: il, hil
      • Irish: il
      • Manx: yl
  • Proto-Germanic: *felu
• *polh₁-ú-s
  • Proto-Hellenic:
    • Ancient Greek: πολύς (polús)
• *pl(e)h₁-(y)o-
  • Proto-Hellenic:
    • Ancient Greek: πλεῖος (pleîos), πλέος (pléos), πλέως (pléōs)
• *polh₁-yo-
  • Proto-Hellenic:
    • Ancient Greek: πολλός (pollós), πολλή (pollḗ)
• *ploh₁-us-s
  • Proto-Italic: *plows
    • Latin: plūs
• *pleh₁-is-on-
  • Proto-Hellenic:
    • Ancient Greek: πλείων (pleíōn)
• *pleh₁-yōs
  • Proto-Celtic: *ɸlīyos
    • Old Irish: lïa
      • Irish: lia
• *ploh₁-is-on-
  • Proto-Germanic: *flaizô
    • Old Norse: fleiri
      • Icelandic: fleiri
      • Faroese: fleiri
      • Norwegian: flere, fleire
      • Old Swedish: flēre
        • Swedish: flera, fler
• *plh₁-is-to-
  • Proto-Hellenic:
    • Ancient Greek: πλεῖστος (pleîstos)
• *ploh₁-is-to-
  • Proto-Germanic: *flaistaz
    • Old Norse: flestr
      • Icelandic: flestur
      • Faroese: flestur
      • Norwegian Nynorsk: flest
      • Norwegian Bokmål: flest
      • Old Swedish: flæster
        • Swedish: flest
      • Danish: flest
• Unsorted formations:
  • Albanian: plot, plotë (from *pleh₁-to)
  • Armenian:
    • Old Armenian: լիր (lir)
    • Old Armenian: լի (li), յղի (yłi)
    • Old Armenian: լնում (lnum)
    • Old Armenian: հեղում (hełum)
    • Old Armenian: յեղց (yełcʻ) (possibly)
    • Old Armenian: ողողեմ (ołołem)
    • Old Armenian: յղփանամ (yłpʻanam) (possibly)
  • Balto-Slavic:
    • Latvian: pilēt, pildīt
    • Lithuanian: pìlti

Further reading

• Martirosyan, Hrach (2010) Etymological Dictionary of the Armenian Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 8), Leiden and Boston: Brill, page 309
• Sihler, Andrew L. (1995) New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN