pleo

See also: pleo-

Latin

Etymology

Exists only as a bound morpheme in prefixed verbs, where it continues Proto-Italic *plēō, perhaps—according to De Vaan—from a root aorist *pléh₁-t, from Proto-Indo-European *pleh₁- (“to fill”).^[1] The perfect passive participle plētus may have replaced earlier *plātus, from *pl̥h₁tós.^[2] However, the pre-form of the participle is alternatively reconstructed as *pleh₁tós.^[3] For cognates, compare Russian -по́лнить (-pólnitʹ), a cognate with the same meaning that likewise does not occur uncompounded.

Verb

pleō (present infinitive plēre, perfect active plēvī, supine plētum); second conjugation

Combining form used to form prefixed verbs with the approximate meaning "to fill".
- ca. 500, Pompeius, In artem Donati p. 240l.34:
  […] est <etiam> conpositum quod nōn potest fierī simplex, ut conpleō: nēmō potest dīcere pleō.
  it's likewise a compound when it cannot be used on its own, such as complete: one can't say plete.
- For quotations using this term, see Citations:pleo.

Conjugation

Only one form, plendī (CIL 2.6278.38), is attested in Classical Latin without a prefix outside of grammarians. (Festus p.230M) also cites plentur without attribution.

Conjugation of pleō (second conjugation)

indicative		singular				plural
indicative		first	second		third	first	second		third
active	present	pleō	plēs		plet	plēmus	plētis		plent
	imperfect	plēbam	plēbās		plēbat	plēbāmus	plēbātis		plēbant
	future	plēbō	plēbis		plēbit	plēbimus	plēbitis		plēbunt
	perfect	plēvī	plēvistī		plēvit	plēvimus	plēvistis		plēvērunt, plēvēre
	pluperfect	plēveram	plēverās		plēverat	plēverāmus	plēverātis		plēverant
	future perfect	plēverō	plēveris		plēverit	plēverimus	plēveritis		plēverint
passive	present	pleor	plēris, plēre		plētur	plēmur	plēminī		plentur
	imperfect	plēbar	plēbāris, plēbāre		plēbātur	plēbāmur	plēbāminī		plēbantur
	future	plēbor	plēberis, plēbere		plēbitur	plēbimur	plēbiminī		plēbuntur
	perfect	plētus + present active indicative of sum
	pluperfect	plētus + imperfect active indicative of sum
	future perfect	plētus + future active indicative of sum
subjunctive		singular				plural
subjunctive		first	second		third	first	second		third
active	present	pleam	pleās		pleat	pleāmus	pleātis		pleant
	imperfect	plērem	plērēs		plēret	plērēmus	plērētis		plērent
	perfect	plēverim	plēverīs		plēverit	plēverīmus	plēverītis		plēverint
	pluperfect	plēvissem	plēvissēs		plēvisset	plēvissēmus	plēvissētis		plēvissent
passive	present	plear	pleāris, pleāre		pleātur	pleāmur	pleāminī		pleantur
	imperfect	plērer	plērēris, plērēre		plērētur	plērēmur	plērēminī		plērentur
	perfect	plētus + present active subjunctive of sum
	pluperfect	plētus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum
imperative		singular				plural
imperative		first	second		third	first	second		third
active	present	—	plē		—	—	plēte		—
active	future	—	plētō		plētō	—	plētōte		plentō
passive	present	—	plēre		—	—	plēminī		—
passive	future	—	plētor		plētor	—	—		plentor
non-finite forms		infinitive				participle
non-finite forms		active		passive		active		passive
present		plēre		plērī		plēns		—
future		plētūrum esse		plētum īrī		plētūrus		plendus
perfect		plēvisse		plētum esse		—		plētus
future perfect		—		plētum fore		—		—
perfect potential		plētūrum fuisse		—		—		—
verbal nouns		gerund					supine
		genitive	dative		accusative	ablative	accusative		ablative
		plendī	plendō		plendum	plendō	plētum		plētū

Derived terms

Related terms

References

^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “-pleō”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 472
^ Sihler, Andrew L. (1995), New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 127
^ Kapović, Mate, editor (2017), The Indo-European Languages (Routledge Language Family Series), 2nd edition, London, New York: Routledge, →ISBN, page 432

Old English

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ple͜oː/
Rhymes: -e͜oː

Noun

plēo

dative singular of pleoh

[1] De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “-pleō”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 472

[2] Sihler, Andrew L. (1995), New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 127

[3] Kapović, Mate, editor (2017), The Indo-European Languages (Routledge Language Family Series), 2nd edition, London, New York: Routledge, →ISBN, page 432

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