Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/dwóh₁

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Numeral

cardinal number

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*dwóh₁

1. two

Inflection

Thematic
	masculine	feminine
nominative	*dwóh₁	*dwéh₂h₁(e)
genitive	*?	*?
masculine	singular	dual	plural
nominative	—	*dwóh₁	—
vocative	—	*dwóh₁	—
accusative	—	*dwóh₁	—
genitive	—	*?	—
ablative	—	*?	—
dative	—	*?	—
locative	—	*?	—
instrumental	—	*?	—
feminine	singular	dual	plural
nominative	—	*dwéh₂h₁(e)	—
vocative	—	*dwéh₂h₁(e)	—
accusative	—	*dwéh₂h₁(e)	—
genitive	—	*?	—
ablative	—	*?	—
dative	—	*?	—
locative	—	*?	—
instrumental	—	*?	—
neuter	singular	dual	plural
nominative	—	*dwóy(h₁)	—
vocative	—	*dwóy(h₁)	—
accusative	—	*dwóy(h₁)	—
genitive	—	*?	—
ablative	—	*?	—
dative	—	*?	—
locative	—	*?	—
instrumental	—	*?	—

Derived terms

• *dwi- (compounds)
• *dwís (adverb)
• *dwis-eh₂
  • Proto-Hellenic:
    • Ancient Greek: διά (diá), δια- (dia-) — as prefix; διαί (diaí) — Poetic; ζά (zá) — Aeolic; δι’ (di’) — apocopic
      • Greek: για (gia), διά (diá)
• *dwi(s)-k-to- ?
  • Proto-Hellenic:
    • Ancient Greek: διχθά (dikhthá), δίχα (díkha), δισσός (dissós)
• *dwi-sk-
  • Proto-Armenian:
    • Old Armenian: կից (kicʻ)
      • Armenian: կից (kicʻ), կիցք (kicʻkʻ), կիցս (kicʻs)
• *dwi-gʰo-
  • Proto-Germanic: *twīgą (see there for further descendants)

Other formations:

• Proto-Germanic: *twinaz (see there for further descendants)
• Proto-Italic:
  • Latin: bīnus (see there for further descendants)

Descendants

• Proto-Albanian: *duwō
  • Albanian: dy
• Proto-Armenian:
  • Old Armenian: երկու (erku), երկ (erk) — attested once
    • Armenian: երկու (erku), երկուս (erkus), երկուք (erkukʻ)
  • Old Armenian: (exact path of derivation disputed) կրկին (krkin)
    • Armenian: կրկին (krkin)
• Proto-Balto-Slavic: *duwō (see there for further descendants)
• Proto-Celtic: *dwau (see there for further descendants)
• Proto-Germanic: *twai (see there for further descendants)
• Proto-Hellenic: *dúwō (see there for further descendants)
• Proto-Indo-Iranian: *dwáH (see there for further descendants)
• Proto-Italic: *duō (see there for further descendants)
• Proto-Tocharian:
  • Tocharian A: wu, we
  • Tocharian B: wi