Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/bogъ
Proto-Slavic[edit]
Etymology 1[edit]
Derived from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeh₂g- (“to divide”).
Cognates include Sanskrit भग (bhaga, “happiness, welfare, prosperity”), Avestan 𐬠𐬀𐬔𐬀 (baga, “share”), Tocharian A pāk (“part, portion, share”). The following meanings have been displaced by Etymology 2 and are attested mainly in compounds and derived terms. Doublet of *banъ.
Noun[edit]
*bȍgъ m[1]
Declension[edit]
Derived terms[edit]
Related terms[edit]
Descendants[edit]
- East Slavic:
- ⇒ Ukrainian: за мали́м бо́гом (za malým bóhom, “almost”) (dialectal)
- South Slavic:
- ⇒ Bulgarian: да бога (da boga, “abundantly, in abundance, very”)
- ⇒ Macedonian: да бога (da boga, “abundantly, in abundance, very”) (dialectal)
- ⇒ Serbo-Croatian:
- Cyrillic script: до (зла) бога (“abundantly, in abundance, very”)
- Latin script: do (zla) boga (“abundantly, in abundance, very”)
- ⇒ Slovene: zlego boga uživa (“he's doing badly”) (dialectal)
- West Slavic:
- ⇒ Czech: do boha (“abundantly, in abundance, very”)
- ⇒ Moravian: na ty bohy (“fortunately”)
- ⇒ Old Polish: do boga (“abundantly, in abundance, very”)
- Sorbian:
- ⇒ Czech: do boha (“abundantly, in abundance, very”)
References[edit]
- ^ Sławski, Franciszek, editor (1974), “bogъ 2.”, in Słownik prasłowiański [Proto-Slavic Dictionary] (in Polish), volume 1 (a – bьzděti), Wrocław: National Ossoliński Institute, page 296
Etymology 2[edit]

Identical with Etymology 1. According to consensus, a semantic loan from Scythian languages. Zoroastrianism, the new religion of the Iranians, demonized the original pagan deities (compare Sanskrit देव (deva, “god”) : Avestan 𐬛𐬀𐬉𐬎𐬎𐬀 (daēuua, “demon”)). During the so-called Iranian inversion (Proto-Slavic-Iranian contacts), the same religious changes took place among the Proto-Slavs and the original word (*deiwos or similar) for “god” was replaced by *bogъ. The change of meaning on Iranian ground was as follows: “wealth” > “wealth provider” > “god”. See also *divъ.
Semantic cognates include Old Persian 𐏎 (BG /baga/, “god”), Avestan 𐬠𐬀𐬖𐬀 (baγa, “god”).
Noun[edit]
- (religion) god
- *dàďь bože! ― god willing!
- *bȍgъ dàďь! ― god willing!
- *ne dàďь bože! ― god forbid!
- *o bože! ― oh god!
Declension[edit]
Derived terms[edit]
Related terms[edit]
Descendants[edit]
- East Slavic:
- South Slavic:
- West Slavic:
References[edit]
- ^ Derksen, Rick (2008), “*bȏgъ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden; Boston: Brill, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 50: “m. o (c) ‘god’”
- ^ Kapović, Mate (2007), “The Development of Proto-Slavic Quantity”, in Wiener Slavistisches Jahrbuch[1], University of Vienna, page 7: “*bȍgъ”
- ^ Olander, Thomas (2001), “bogъ boga”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “c God (NA 101; SA 167, 171, 199; PR 137)”
Etymology 3[edit]
From Etymology 1. For contrast, cf. *bolgъ (“good, nice; bad”), Latin sacer (“sacred, holy; cursed”).
Adjective[edit]
*bogъ[1]
Declension[edit]
singular | masculine | feminine | neuter |
---|---|---|---|
nominative | *bogъ | *boga | *bogo |
genitive | *boga | *bogy | *boga |
dative | *bogu | *bodzě | *bogu |
accusative | *bogъ | *bogǫ | *bogo |
instrumental | *bogomь | *bogojǫ | *bogomь |
locative | *bodzě | *bodzě | *bodzě |
vocative | *bože | *bogo | *bogo |
dual | masculine | feminine | neuter |
nominative | *boga | *bodzě | *bodzě |
genitive | *bogu | *bogu | *bogu |
dative | *bogoma | *bogama | *bogoma |
accusative | *boga | *bodzě | *bodzě |
instrumental | *bogoma | *bogama | *bogoma |
locative | *bogu | *bogu | *bogu |
vocative | *boga | *bodzě | *bodzě |
plural | masculine | feminine | neuter |
nominative | *bodzi | *bogy | *boga |
genitive | *bogъ | *bogъ | *bogъ |
dative | *bogomъ | *bogamъ | *bogomъ |
accusative | *bogy | *bogy | *boga |
instrumental | *bogy | *bogami | *bogy |
locative | *bodzěxъ | *bogaxъ | *bodzěxъ |
vocative | *bodzi | *bogy | *boga |
singular | masculine | feminine | neuter |
---|---|---|---|
nominative | *bogъjь | *bogaja | *bogoje |
genitive | *bogajego | *bogyję̇ | *bogajego |
dative | *bogujemu | *bodzěji | *bogujemu |
accusative | *bogъjь | *bogǫjǫ | *bogoje |
instrumental | *bogyjimь | *bogǫjǫ | *bogyjimь |
locative | *bodzějemь | *bodzěji | *bodzějemь |
vocative | *bogъjь | *bogaja | *bogoje |
dual | masculine | feminine | neuter |
nominative | *bogaja | *bodzěji | *bodzěji |
genitive | *boguju | *boguju | *boguju |
dative | *bogyjima | *bogyjima | *bogyjima |
accusative | *bogaja | *bodzěji | *bodzěji |
instrumental | *bogyjima | *bogyjima | *bogyjima |
locative | *boguju | *boguju | *boguju |
vocative | *bogaja | *bodzěji | *bodzěji |
plural | masculine | feminine | neuter |
nominative | *bodziji | *bogyję̇ | *bogaja |
genitive | *bogъjixъ | *bogъjixъ | *bogъjixъ |
dative | *bogyjimъ | *bogyjimъ | *bogyjimъ |
accusative | *bogyję̇ | *bogyję̇ | *bogaja |
instrumental | *bogyjimi | *bogyjimi | *bogyjimi |
locative | *bogyjixъ | *bogyjixъ | *bogyjixъ |
vocative | *bodziji | *bogyję̇ | *bogaja |
Descendants[edit]
- East Slavic:
- Russian: бо́гий (bógij) (dialectal)
- South Slavic:
- West Slavic:
- ⇒ Czech:
- Moravian: božátko (“poor thing”)
- ⇒ Czech:
References[edit]
- ^ Sławski, Franciszek, editor (1974), “bogъ 3.”, in Słownik prasłowiański [Proto-Slavic Dictionary] (in Polish), volume 1 (a – bьzděti), Wrocław: National Ossoliński Institute, page 297
Further reading[edit]
- Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1975), “*bogъ”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological Dictionary of Slavic Languages] (in Russian), issue 2 (*bez – *bratrъ), Moscow: Nauka, page 161
- Skok, Petar (1971) Etimologijski rječnik hrvatskoga ili srpskoga jezika (in Serbo-Croatian), volume I, Zagreb: JAZU, page 178ff
- Mallory, J. P.; Adams, D. Q., editors (1997) Encyclopedia of Indo-European culture, London, Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers, page 161
- Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume II, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 1543
- Rix, Helmut, editor (2001) Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs][2] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 65
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “бог”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), transl. and suppl. by Oleg Trubachyov, Moscow: Progress
- Brückner, Aleksander (1927), “bóg”, in Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego [Etymological Dictionary of the Polish Language] (in Polish), Warsaw: Wiedza Powszechna, page 33
- Proto-Slavic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Proto-Slavic doublets
- Proto-Slavic lemmas
- Proto-Slavic nouns
- Proto-Slavic masculine nouns
- Proto-Slavic terms with collocations
- Proto-Slavic hard o-stem nouns
- Proto-Slavic hard masculine o-stem nouns
- Proto-Slavic nominals with accent paradigm c
- Proto-Slavic semantic loans from Scythian languages
- Proto-Slavic terms derived from Scythian languages
- sla-pro:Religion
- Proto-Slavic adjectives
- Proto-Slavic hard adjectives