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Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/bogъ

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This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

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Etymology 1

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Derived from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeh₂g- (to divide).

Cognates include Sanskrit भग (bhaga, happiness, welfare, prosperity), Avestan 𐬠𐬀𐬔𐬀 (baga, share), Tocharian A pāk (part, portion, share). The following meanings have been displaced by Etymology 2 and are attested mainly in compounds and derived terms. Doublet of *banъ.

Noun

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*bȍgъ m[1]

  1. share, cut, wealth, luck
    *čь̀rnъ bȍgъbad luck
    *bě̃lъ bȍgъgood luck
Declension
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Declension of *bȍgъ (hard o-stem, accent paradigm c)
singular dual plural
nominative *bȍgъ *bȍga *bȍdzi
genitive *bȍga *bogù *bògъ
dative *bȍgu *bogomà *bogòmъ
accusative *bȍgъ *bȍga *bȍgy
instrumental *bȍgъmь, *bȍgomь* *bogomà *bogý
locative *bȍdzě *bogù *bodzě̃xъ
vocative *bože *bȍga *bȍdzi

* -ъmь in North Slavic, -omь in South Slavic.

Derived terms
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proper nouns
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Descendants
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References

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  1. ^ Sławski, Franciszek, editor (1974), “bogъ 2.”, in Słownik prasłowiański [Proto-Slavic Dictionary] (in Polish), volume 1 (a – bьzděti), Wrocław: Ossolineum, page 296

Etymology 2

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*bogъ *Perunъ

Identical with Etymology 1. According to consensus, a semantic loan from Scythian languages. Displaced earlier *divъ.

Semantic cognates include Old Persian 𐏎 (BG /⁠baga⁠/, god), Avestan 𐬠𐬀𐬖𐬀 (baγa, god).

Noun

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*bȍgъ m (diminutive *božę or *božьcь or *božьkъ)[1][2][3]

  1. (religion) god
    *dàďь bože!god willing!
    *bȍgъ dàďь!god willing!
    *ne dàďь bože!god forbid!
    *o bože!oh god!
Declension
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Declension of *bȍgъ (hard o-stem, accent paradigm c)
singular dual plural
nominative *bȍgъ *bȍga *bȍdzi
genitive *bȍga *bogù *bògъ
dative *bȍgu *bogomà *bogòmъ
accusative *bȍgъ *bȍga *bȍgy
instrumental *bȍgъmь, *bȍgomь* *bogomà *bogý
locative *bȍdzě *bogù *bodzě̃xъ
vocative *bože *bȍga *bȍdzi

* -ъmь in North Slavic, -omь in South Slavic.

Derived terms
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Descendants
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References

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  1. ^ Derksen, Rick (2008) “*bȏgъ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 50:m. o (c) ‘god’
  2. ^ Kapović, Mate (2007) “The Development of Proto-Slavic Quantity”, in Wiener Slavistisches Jahrbuch[1], University of Vienna, page 7:*bȍgъ
  3. ^ Olander, Thomas (2001) “bogъ boga”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List[2], Copenhagen: Editiones Olander:c God (NA 101; SA 167, 171, 199; PR 137)

Etymology 3

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From Etymology 1. For contrast, cf. *bolgъ (good, nice; bad), Latin sacer (sacred, holy; cursed).

Adjective

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*bogъ[1]

  1. poor
    Synonyms: *ubògъ, *bědьnъ
    Antonym: *bogàtъ
Declension
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Indefinite declension of *bogъ (hard)
singular masculine feminine neuter
nominative *bogъ *boga *bogo
genitive *boga *bogy *boga
dative *bogu *bodzě *bogu
accusative *bogъ *bogǫ *bogo
instrumental *bogomь *bogojǫ *bogomь
locative *bodzě *bodzě *bodzě
vocative *bože *bogo *bogo
dual masculine feminine neuter
nominative *boga *bodzě *bodzě
genitive *bogu *bogu *bogu
dative *bogoma *bogama *bogoma
accusative *boga *bodzě *bodzě
instrumental *bogoma *bogama *bogoma
locative *bogu *bogu *bogu
vocative *boga *bodzě *bodzě
plural masculine feminine neuter
nominative *bodzi *bogy *boga
genitive *bogъ *bogъ *bogъ
dative *bogomъ *bogamъ *bogomъ
accusative *bogy *bogy *boga
instrumental *bogy *bogami *bogy
locative *bodzěxъ *bogaxъ *bodzěxъ
vocative *bodzi *bogy *boga
Definite declension of *bogъ (hard)
singular masculine feminine neuter
nominative *bogъjь *bogaja *bogoje
genitive *bogajego *bogyję̇ *bogajego
dative *bogujemu *bodzěji *bogujemu
accusative *bogъjь *bogǫjǫ *bogoje
instrumental *bogyjimь *bogǫjǫ *bogyjimь
locative *bodzějemь *bodzěji *bodzějemь
vocative *bogъjь *bogaja *bogoje
dual masculine feminine neuter
nominative *bogaja *bodzěji *bodzěji
genitive *boguju *boguju *boguju
dative *bogyjima *bogyjima *bogyjima
accusative *bogaja *bodzěji *bodzěji
instrumental *bogyjima *bogyjima *bogyjima
locative *boguju *boguju *boguju
vocative *bogaja *bodzěji *bodzěji
plural masculine feminine neuter
nominative *bodziji *bogyję̇ *bogaja
genitive *bogъjixъ *bogъjixъ *bogъjixъ
dative *bogyjimъ *bogyjimъ *bogyjimъ
accusative *bogyję̇ *bogyję̇ *bogaja
instrumental *bogyjimi *bogyjimi *bogyjimi
locative *bogyjixъ *bogyjixъ *bogyjixъ
vocative *bodziji *bogyję̇ *bogaja
Descendants
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References

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  1. ^ Sławski, Franciszek, editor (1974), “bogъ 3.”, in Słownik prasłowiański [Proto-Slavic Dictionary] (in Polish), volume 1 (a – bьzděti), Wrocław: Ossolineum, page 297

Further reading

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