Template:bg-conj

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The following documentation is located at Template:bg-conj/documentation. ^[edit]

Useful links: subpage list • links • redirects • transclusions • errors (parser/module) • sandbox

Parameters

Normally there is only one parameter to specify, e.g.

{{bg-conj|гово́ря<2.1.impf.tr>}}

which produces

    Conjugation of гово́ря (conjugation 2.1, imperfective, transitive)

participles		present active participle	past active aorist participle	past active imperfect participle	past passive participle	verbal noun	adverbial participle
masculine	indefinite	гово́рещ govórešt	гово́рил, говори́л1 govóril, govoríl1	гово́рел govórel	гово́рен govóren		гово́рейки govórejki
	definite subject form	гово́рещият govóreštijat	гово́рилият, говори́лият1 govórilijat, govorílijat1	—	гово́реният govórenijat
	definite object form	гово́рещия govóreštija	гово́рилия, говори́лия1 govórilija, govorílija1	—	гово́рения govórenija
feminine	indefinite	гово́реща govórešta	гово́рила, говори́ла1 govórila, govoríla1	гово́рела govórela	гово́рена govórena
	definite	гово́рещата govóreštata	гово́рилата, говори́лата1 govórilata, govorílata1	—	гово́рената govórenata
neuter	indefinite	гово́рещо govórešto	гово́рило, говори́ло1 govórilo, govorílo1	гово́рело govórelo	гово́рено govóreno	гово́рене govórene
	definite	гово́рещото govóreštoto	гово́рилото, говори́лото1 govóriloto, govoríloto1	—	гово́реното govórenoto	гово́ренето govóreneto
plural	indefinite	гово́рещи govórešti	гово́рили, говори́ли1 govórili, govoríli1	гово́рели govóreli	гово́рени govóreni	гово́рения, гово́ренета govórenija, govóreneta
	definite	гово́рещите govóreštite	гово́рилите, говори́лите1 govórilite, govorílite1	—	гово́рените govórenite	гово́ренията, гово́ренетата govórenijata, govórenetata

person		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		аз	ти	той/тя/то	ние	вие	те
present		гово́ря govórja	гово́риш govóriš	гово́ри govóri	гово́рим govórim	гово́рите govórite	гово́рят govórjat
imperfect		гово́рех govóreh	гово́реше govóreše	гово́реше govóreše	гово́рехме govórehme	гово́рехте govórehte	гово́реха govóreha
aorist		гово́рих, говори́х1 govórih, govoríh1	гово́ри, говори́1 govóri, govorí1	гово́ри, говори́1 govóri, govorí1	гово́рихме, говори́хме1 govórihme, govoríhme1	гово́рихте, говори́хте1 govórihte, govoríhte1	гово́риха, говори́ха1 govóriha, govoríha1
future	pos.	Use ще followed by the present indicative tense
	neg.	Use ня́ма да followed by the present indicative tense
future in the past	pos.	Use the imperfect indicative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense
	neg.	Use ня́маше да followed by the present indicative tense
present perfect		Use the present indicative tense of съм and гово́рил/говори́л1 m, гово́рила/говори́ла1 f, гово́рило/говори́ло1 n, or гово́рили/говори́ли1 pl
past perfect		Use the imperfect indicative tense of съм and гово́рил/говори́л1 m, гово́рила/говори́ла1 f, гово́рило/говори́ло1 n, or гово́рили/говори́ли1 pl
future perfect		Use the future indicative tense of съм and гово́рил/говори́л1 m, гово́рила/говори́ла1 f, гово́рило/говори́ло1 n, or гово́рили/говори́ли1 pl
future perfect in the past		Use the future in the past indicative tense of съм and гово́рил/говори́л1 m, гово́рила/говори́ла1 f, гово́рило/говори́ло1 n, or гово́рили/говори́ли1 pl
renarrative		аз	ти	той/тя/то	ние	вие	те
present and imperfect		Use the present indicative tense of съм (leave it out in third person) and гово́рел m, гово́рела f, гово́рело n, or гово́рели pl
aorist		Use the present indicative tense of съм (leave it out in third person) and гово́рил/говори́л1 m, гово́рила/говори́ла1 f, гово́рило/говори́ло1 n, or гово́рили/говори́ли1 pl
future and future in the past	pos.	Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense
	neg.	Use ня́мало да and the present indicative tense
present and past perfect		Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of съм and гово́рил/говори́л1 m, гово́рила/говори́ла1 f, гово́рило/говори́ло1 n, or гово́рили/говори́ли1 pl
future perfect and future perfect in the past		Use the future/future in the past renarrative tense of съм and гово́рил/говори́л1 m, гово́рила/говори́ла1 f, гово́рило/говори́ло1 n, or гово́рили/говори́ли1 pl
dubitative		аз	ти	той/тя/то	ние	вие	те
present and imperfect		Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of съм and гово́рел m, гово́рела f, гово́рело n, or гово́рели pl
aorist		Use the aorist renarrative tense of съм and гово́рил/говори́л1 m, гово́рила/говори́ла1 f, гово́рило/говори́ло1 n, or гово́рили/говори́ли1 pl
future and future in the past	pos.	Use the present/imperfect dubitative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense
	neg.	Use ня́мало било́ да and the present indicative tense
present and past perfect		none
future perfect and future perfect in the past		Use the future/future in the past dubitative tense of съм and гово́рил/говори́л1 m, гово́рила/говори́ла1 f, гово́рило/говори́ло1 n, or гово́рили/говори́ли1 pl
conclusive		аз	ти	той/тя/то	ние	вие	те
present and imperfect		Use the present indicative tense of съм and гово́рел m, гово́рела f, гово́рело n, or гово́рели pl
aorist		Use the present indicative tense of съм and гово́рил/говори́л1 m, гово́рила/говори́ла1 f, гово́рило/говори́ло1 n, or гово́рили/говори́ли1 pl
future and future in the past	pos.	Use the present/imperfect conclusive tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense
	neg.	Use ня́мало е да and the present indicative tense
present and past perfect		Use the present/imperfect conclusive tense of съм and гово́рил/говори́л1 m, гово́рила/говори́ла1 f, гово́рило/говори́ло1 n, or гово́рили/говори́ли1 pl
future perfect and future perfect in the past		Use the future/future in the past conclusive tense of съм and гово́рил/говори́л1 m, гово́рила/говори́ла1 f, гово́рило/говори́ло1 n, or гово́рили/говори́ли1 pl
conditional		аз	ти	той/тя/то	ние	вие	те
		Use the first aorist indicative tense of бъ́да and гово́рил/говори́л1 m, гово́рила/говори́ла1 f, гово́рило/говори́ло1 n, or гово́рили/говори́ли1 pl
imperative		-	ти	-	-	вие	-
			говори́ govorí			говоре́те govoréte

¹Dialectally marked.

The general format is the verb lemma (the first person singular present indicative, which may be followed by се (se) or си (si) for a reflexive verb), followed by a spec in angle brackets. The format of the spec is

<CONJ.PROPS>

where CONJ is one of 1.1 through 1.7, 2.1 through 2.3, 3 or irreg. The conjugation code 3. may be omitted and this is customarily done, as such verbs (which are extremely common) can be autodetected by the -м at the end of the lemma. The PROPS are separated by a .. The following properties are required:

• Aspect: impf for imperfective, pf for perfective, or both for biaspectual.
• Transitivity: tr for transitive, intr for intransitive. All non-reflexive verbs must specify the transitivity. This controls the presence of the past passive participle; if a verb can be either transitive or intransitive, specify it as transitive.
• Verbal noun: vna (verbal noun comes from aorist stem), vni (verbal noun comes from imperfect stem), vnai (both types of verbal noun exist, with the aorist-based one listed first), vnia (both types of verbal noun exist, with the imperfect-based one listed first), vn? (verbal noun unknown, and all forms will display as a question mark). Imperfective verbs in certain of the 1.* conjugations must include one of these codes to specify whether the verbal noun comes from the aorist stem, imperfect stem, or both. If you omit this property when it's required, you'll get an error showing the two possible verbal nouns and the corresponding code to select each form; look up the two forms in Речник на Българския Език [1] to see which of the forms exist(s). Note that this only applies to imperfective verbs, and not to the following classes (which includes all the most common classes): 1.2 in -на and -ра́; 1.7 in -е́я, -и́я, -у́я and -ю́я; 2.1; 2.2; 3; and irreg.

The following additional properties exist:

• Past passive participle ending: н for -н, т for -т, нт if both -н and -т endings are possible (with -н listed first), and тн if both -т and -н endings are possible (with -т listed first). Most verbs have past passive participles (PPP's) in -н, while some conjugations (e.g. conjugation 1.2 verbs in -на) have PPP's in -т. Conjugation 1.7 verbs are unique in that some of them have PPP's in -н, some in -т, and some in both. Specifically, conjugation 1.7 verbs in -ма, -и́я, -у́я and -ю́я always have PPP's in -т, while for others, it depends on the verb. To specify the PPP ending for these verbs, use one of the above-mentioned properties. If omitted, these verbs will default to -н.
• impers: Specify that this is an impersonal verb. The lemma should be given in the third-person singular present indicative instead of the first-person singular, as is normal.
• -pref: Verbs whose aorist is stressed on the stem (which includes all verbs whose lemma is stem-stressed, as well as verbs of conjugation 1.1 and a couple exceptional ending-stressed verbs of conjugation 1.2) have an alternative ending-stressed aorist that is nowadays dialectally marked but is still included in the verb tables (with a footnote indicating its dialectal nature). However, this alternative aorist does not exist for prefixed perfective verbs. For stem-stressed perfective verbs, the module attempts to guess whether they are prefixed by checking to see if they begin with any of the following:

  в- (only when followed by a consonant), въ-, до-, за-, из-, на- (which includes над-), о- (only when followed by a consonant, which includes об- and от-), по- (which includes под-), пре- (which includes пред-), при-, про-, раз-, с- (only when followed by a consonant), съ- or у-.

• This will result in occasional false positives, i.e. non-prefixed perfectives that look like prefixed perfectives. This happens especially in verbs beginning with с- + consonant, e.g. сре́щна (sréštna, “to encounter”) (a suffixed perfective using -на; compare imperfective сре́щам (sréštam)) and ста́на (stána, “to become”). Such verbs should be marked with the -pref property.

Guide to verbal classes:

1. Conjugation 1: 2nd singular present in -еш.
   1. Class 1.1: Lemma ends in stressed -а́ (always after т, д, с or к). Exception: вля́за, сля́за, which are irregular in many ways. 1st singular aorist in unstressed -ох.
   2. Class 1.2: Quite common class. Lemma ends in -а (may or may not be stressed; normally never follows т, д, с, з, к, or a hushing consonant, although ве́за "to embroider" is an exception). A common subclass ends in unstressed -на. 1st singular aorist in -ах with stress matching lemma (if stress on stem, also has dialectal ending-stressed aorist in -а́х).
      • Special case: verbs in -ера́, which lose the -е- in the aorist.
      • Special case: греба́, гриза́, with stem-stressed aorists гре́бах, гри́зах.
   3. Class 1.3: A small class. Lemma ends in unstressed -я; 1st singular aorist in -ах (also has dialectal ending-stressed aorist in -а́х).
   4. Class 1.4: A small class. Lemma ends in unstressed -а after a hushing consonant. 1st singular aorist in -ах and final stem consonant changes to its non-iotated equivalent (ж -> г in лъ́жа, стри́жа, стъ́ржа and derivatives, otherwise з; ч-> к; ш -> с). Also has dialectal ending-stressed aorist in -а́х.
   5. Class 1.5: A very small class. Lemma ends in consonant + stressed -ра (exception: ща). 1st singular aorist in -я́х.
   6. Class 1.6: A small class. Lemma ends in -е́я, -а́я or rarely -я́я. 1st singular aorist in -ях. Also has dialectal ending-stressed aorist in -я́х.
      • Beware: зна́я is in this class, but prefixed derivatives are in class 1.7.
   7. Class 1.7: A fairly large class. Lemma ends in stressed vowel + -я. 1st singular aorist ends in -х directly added onto the final vowel of the stem. (The common subclass of verbs in -е́я have aorist in -я́х, or -а́х after a hushing consonant.)
2. Conjugation 2: 2nd singular present in -иш.
   1. Class 2.1: Extremely common class. Lemma ends in -я (or -а after a hushing consonant), may or may not have ending stress. 1st singular aorist in -их with stress matching lemma (if stress on stem, also has dialectal ending-stressed aorist in -и́х).
   2. Class 2.2: Lemma ends in stressed -я́ (not after a hushing consonant), 1st singular aorist in -я́х.
   3. Class 2.3: Lemma ends in stressed -а́ after a hushing consonant, 1st singular aorist in -а́х.
3. Conjugation 3: Lemma ends in -ам or -ям (never with ending stress). Corresponds to Russian verbs in -ать (-atʹ)/-ять (-jatʹ) with 1st singular in -аю/-яю.

The following verbs (along with their prefixed derivatives) are currently recognized as irregular and should use the irreg conjugation:

• беле́жа (beléža, “to mark”)
• ви́дя (vídja, “to see”)
• знам (znam, “to know”)
• дам (dam, “to give”)
• до́йда (dójda, “to come”)
• за́йда (zájda, “to start coming, to start falling (of rain or snow); dialectal”)
• и́да (ída, “to come, to go”)
• ме́ля (mélja, “to mill, to grind”)
• ко́ля (kólja, “to slaughter (an animal)”)
• кълна́ (kǎlná, “to curse”)
• мо́га (móga, “to be able”)
• спя (spja, “to sleep”)
• ям (jam, “to eat”)

The following irregular verbs (along with their prefixed derivatives) should use the specified conjugations:

• вля́за (vljáza), сля́за (sljáza): Use 1.1
• греба́ (grebá): Use 1.2
• гриза́ (grizá): Use 1.2
• дре́мя (drémja): Use 1.3
• държа́ (dǎržá): Use 2.3
• зна́я (znája): Use 1.6
• раста́ (rastá): Use 1.1
• ре́жа (réža): Use 1.4

    Conjugation of пра́вя (conjugation 2.1, imperfective, transitive)

participles		present active participle	past active aorist participle	past active imperfect participle	past passive participle	verbal noun	adverbial participle
masculine	indefinite	пра́вещ právešt	пра́вил, прави́л1 právil, pravíl1	пра́вел prável	пра́вен práven		пра́вейки právejki
	definite subject form	пра́вещият práveštijat	пра́вилият, прави́лият1 právilijat, pravílijat1	—	пра́веният právenijat
	definite object form	пра́вещия práveštija	пра́вилия, прави́лия1 právilija, pravílija1	—	пра́вения právenija
feminine	indefinite	пра́веща právešta	пра́вила, прави́ла1 právila, pravíla1	пра́вела právela	пра́вена právena
	definite	пра́вещата práveštata	пра́вилата, прави́лата1 právilata, pravílata1	—	пра́вената právenata
neuter	indefinite	пра́вещо právešto	пра́вило, прави́ло1 právilo, pravílo1	пра́вело právelo	пра́вено práveno	пра́вене právene
	definite	пра́вещото práveštoto	пра́вилото, прави́лото1 práviloto, pravíloto1	—	пра́веното právenoto	пра́венето práveneto
plural	indefinite	пра́вещи právešti	пра́вили, прави́ли1 právili, pravíli1	пра́вели práveli	пра́вени práveni	пра́вения, пра́венета právenija, práveneta
	definite	пра́вещите práveštite	пра́вилите, прави́лите1 právilite, pravílite1	—	пра́вените právenite	пра́венията, пра́венетата právenijata, právenetata

person		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		аз	ти	той/тя/то	ние	вие	те
present		пра́вя právja	пра́виш práviš	пра́ви právi	пра́вим právim	пра́вите právite	пра́вят právjat
imperfect		пра́вех práveh	пра́веше práveše	пра́веше práveše	пра́вехме právehme	пра́вехте právehte	пра́веха práveha
aorist		пра́вих, прави́х1 právih, pravíh1	пра́ви, прави́1 právi, praví1	пра́ви, прави́1 právi, praví1	пра́вихме, прави́хме1 právihme, pravíhme1	пра́вихте, прави́хте1 právihte, pravíhte1	пра́виха, прави́ха1 práviha, pravíha1
future	pos.	Use ще followed by the present indicative tense
	neg.	Use ня́ма да followed by the present indicative tense
future in the past	pos.	Use the imperfect indicative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense
	neg.	Use ня́маше да followed by the present indicative tense
present perfect		Use the present indicative tense of съм and пра́вил/прави́л1 m, пра́вила/прави́ла1 f, пра́вило/прави́ло1 n, or пра́вили/прави́ли1 pl
past perfect		Use the imperfect indicative tense of съм and пра́вил/прави́л1 m, пра́вила/прави́ла1 f, пра́вило/прави́ло1 n, or пра́вили/прави́ли1 pl
future perfect		Use the future indicative tense of съм and пра́вил/прави́л1 m, пра́вила/прави́ла1 f, пра́вило/прави́ло1 n, or пра́вили/прави́ли1 pl
future perfect in the past		Use the future in the past indicative tense of съм and пра́вил/прави́л1 m, пра́вила/прави́ла1 f, пра́вило/прави́ло1 n, or пра́вили/прави́ли1 pl
renarrative		аз	ти	той/тя/то	ние	вие	те
present and imperfect		Use the present indicative tense of съм (leave it out in third person) and пра́вел m, пра́вела f, пра́вело n, or пра́вели pl
aorist		Use the present indicative tense of съм (leave it out in third person) and пра́вил/прави́л1 m, пра́вила/прави́ла1 f, пра́вило/прави́ло1 n, or пра́вили/прави́ли1 pl
future and future in the past	pos.	Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense
	neg.	Use ня́мало да and the present indicative tense
present and past perfect		Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of съм and пра́вил/прави́л1 m, пра́вила/прави́ла1 f, пра́вило/прави́ло1 n, or пра́вили/прави́ли1 pl
future perfect and future perfect in the past		Use the future/future in the past renarrative tense of съм and пра́вил/прави́л1 m, пра́вила/прави́ла1 f, пра́вило/прави́ло1 n, or пра́вили/прави́ли1 pl
dubitative		аз	ти	той/тя/то	ние	вие	те
present and imperfect		Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of съм and пра́вел m, пра́вела f, пра́вело n, or пра́вели pl
aorist		Use the aorist renarrative tense of съм and пра́вил/прави́л1 m, пра́вила/прави́ла1 f, пра́вило/прави́ло1 n, or пра́вили/прави́ли1 pl
future and future in the past	pos.	Use the present/imperfect dubitative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense
	neg.	Use ня́мало било́ да and the present indicative tense
present and past perfect		none
future perfect and future perfect in the past		Use the future/future in the past dubitative tense of съм and пра́вил/прави́л1 m, пра́вила/прави́ла1 f, пра́вило/прави́ло1 n, or пра́вили/прави́ли1 pl
conclusive		аз	ти	той/тя/то	ние	вие	те
present and imperfect		Use the present indicative tense of съм and пра́вел m, пра́вела f, пра́вело n, or пра́вели pl
aorist		Use the present indicative tense of съм and пра́вил/прави́л1 m, пра́вила/прави́ла1 f, пра́вило/прави́ло1 n, or пра́вили/прави́ли1 pl
future and future in the past	pos.	Use the present/imperfect conclusive tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense
	neg.	Use ня́мало е да and the present indicative tense
present and past perfect		Use the present/imperfect conclusive tense of съм and пра́вил/прави́л1 m, пра́вила/прави́ла1 f, пра́вило/прави́ло1 n, or пра́вили/прави́ли1 pl
future perfect and future perfect in the past		Use the future/future in the past conclusive tense of съм and пра́вил/прави́л1 m, пра́вила/прави́ла1 f, пра́вило/прави́ло1 n, or пра́вили/прави́ли1 pl
conditional		аз	ти	той/тя/то	ние	вие	те
		Use the first aorist indicative tense of бъ́да and пра́вил/прави́л1 m, пра́вила/прави́ла1 f, пра́вило/прави́ло1 n, or пра́вили/прави́ли1 pl
imperative		-	ти	-	-	вие	-
			прави́ praví			праве́те pravéte

¹Dialectally marked.