adverb

See also: Adverb

English

Etymology

(deprecated template usage)

From French adverbe, from Latin adverbium, from ad- (“to”) +‎ verbum (“word, verb”), so called because it is used to supplement other words.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈæd.vɜːb/
• IPA^(key): /ˈæd.vɝb/

• Audio (US):

  (file)

• Hyphenation: ad‧verb

Noun

adverb (plural adverbs)

1. (grammar) A word that modifies a verb, adjective, other adverbs, or various other types of words, phrases, or clauses.
   • 1897, Henry James, What Maisie Knew:

     ‘Fortunately your papa appreciates it; he appreciates it immensely’—that was one of the things Miss Overmore also said, with a striking insistence on the adverb.

   (modifying a verb)

   I often went outside hiking during my stay in Japan.

   (modifying an adjective)

   It was often cold outside.

   (modifying another adverb)

   Not often.

Usage notes

Adverbs comprise a fundamental category of words in most languages. In English, adverbs are typically formed from adjectives by appending -ly and are used to modify verbs, verb phrases, adjectives, other adverbs, and entire sentences, but rarely nouns or noun phrases.

Hyponyms

• (words that modify verbs, etc.): intransitive preposition

Derived terms

• adverbial (adverbially)
• conjunctive adverb
• locative adverb
• manner adverb
• modal adverb
• pronominal adverb
• sentence adverb

 

Translations

lexical category

• Afrikaans: bywoord (af)
• Aghu: please add this translation if you can
• Ainu: please add this translation if you can
• Akan: please add this translation if you can
• Albanian: ndajfolje (sq) f
• Arabic: ظَرْف m (ẓarf)
• Aragonese: alberbio (an) m
• Aramaic: עלמלתא m (ʿalmélta)
• Armenian: մակբայ (hy) (makbay)
• Asturian: alverbiu (ast) m
• Aymara: please add this translation if you can
• Azerbaijani: zərf (az)
• Bashkir: рәүеш (rəweş)
• Basque: adizlagun, adberbio
• Belarusian: прысло́ўе n (pryslóŭje)
• Bengali: ক্রিয়া-বিশেষণ (kriẏa-biśeśon)
• Breton: adverb (br)
• Bulgarian: наре́чие (bg) n (naréčie)
• Burmese: ကြိယာဝိသေသန (my) (kri.yawi.sesa.na.)
• Catalan: adverbi (ca) m
• Chechen: куцдош (kucdoš)
• Chinese:

  Cantonese: 副詞／副词 (fu³ ci⁴), 副词 (fu³ ci⁴)

  Mandarin: 副詞／副词 (zh) (fùcí), 副词 (zh) (fùcí)

  Min Nan: 副詞／副词, 副词 (hù-sû)

• Chuvash: наречи (nareč̬i), ӗҫхӗлтеш (ĕśhĕlt̬eš)
• Crimean Tatar: zarf
• Czech: příslovce (cs) n
• Danish: adverbium (da), biord
• Dhivehi: please add this translation if you can
• Dutch: bijwoord (nl) n
• Erzya: малавал (malaval)
• Esperanto: adverbo (eo)
• Estonian: määrsõna, adverb (et)
• Ewe: please add this translation if you can
• Faroese: hjáorð n
• Finnish: adverbi (fi), seikkasana (fi)
• Franco-Provençal: please add this translation if you can
• French: adverbe (fr) m
• Friulian: avierb
• Galician: adverbio (gl) m
• Georgian: ზმნიზედა (ka) (zmnizeda)
• German: Adverb (de) n, Umstandswort (de) n, Nebenwort n, Zuwort n, dated: Adverbium (de) n, dated, rare: Zeitnebenwort n

  Middle High German: zūwort

  Middle High German / Early New High German: zuwort

• Greek: επίρρημα (el) n (epírrima)

  Ancient: ἐπίρρημα n (epírrhēma)

• Gujarati: ક્રિયાવિશેષણ (kriyāviśeṣaṇ)
• Hebrew: תֹּאַר הַפֹּעַל \ תואר הפועל (he) (toar ha'pô'al)
• Hindi: क्रियाविशेषण m (kriyāviśeṣaṇ)
• Hungarian: határozószó (hu)
• Icelandic: atviksorð (is) n
• Ido: adverbo (io)
• Indonesian: adverbia (id)
• Interlingua: adverbio (ia)
• Interlingue:
• Irish: dobhriathar (ga) m
• Italian: avverbio (it) m
• Japanese: 副詞 (ja) (ふくし, fukushi)
• Javanese: please add this translation if you can
• Kannada: ಕ್ರಿಯಾವಿಶೇಷಣ (kriyāviśēṣaṇa)
• Kapampangan: panantabe
• Kashubian: przësłówk m
• Kazakh: шылау (şylau), үстеу (kk) (üsteu)
• Khmer: គុណកិរិយា (km) (kunaʼ keriyaa), កិរិយាវិសេសន៍ (km) (keriyaa visaeh)
• Korean: 부사 (ko) (busa) (副詞 (ko))
• Kyrgyz: тактооч (ky) (taktooc)
• (deprecated template usage) {{trans-mid}}
• Lao: ຄຳກິຣິຍາວິເສດ (kham ki ri nyā wi sēt), ວິເສດ (wi sēt)
• Latin: adverbium (la) n
• Latvian: apstākļa vārds (lv) m, adverbs m
• Limburgish: biewaord (li) n
• Lingala: lilandi
• Lithuanian: prieveiksmis (lt)
• Macedonian: прилог m (prilog)
• Malay: adverba (ms)
• Malayalam: ക്രിയാവിശേഷണം (ml) (kriyāviśēṣaṇaṁ)
• Maltese: avverbju (mt)
• Maori: kupu tūkē, tūkē, tūmahi āhua, tūwā (of words that refer to time)
• Marathi: क्रियाविषेशण (kriyāviṣeśaṇ)
• Mongolian: дайвар үг (dajvar üg)
• Nahuatl: cauhtic (nah)
• Newar: please add this translation if you can
• Norman: advèrbe m (Jersey)
• Northern Sami: advearba
• Norwegian:

  Bokmål: adverb (no) n

  Nynorsk: adverb (nn) n

• Novial:
• Occitan: advèrbi (oc) m
• Old English: bīword n
• Oriya: କ୍ରିୟା ବିଶେଷଣ (kriyā biśeshaṇa)
• Ossetian: фӕрсдзырд (færsʒyrd)
• Pali: kiriyāvisesana
• Pashto: قيد (ps) m (qayd)
• Persian: قید (fa) (qeyd), ظرف (fa) (zarf)
• Plautdietsch: Adwerb n, Omstauntswuat n
• Polish: przysłówek (pl) m inan
• Portuguese: advérbio (pt) m
• Quechua: hinarimana
• Romanian: adverb (ro) n
• Russian: наре́чие (ru) n (naréčije)
• Sanskrit: क्रियाविशेषण (sa) n (kriyāviśeṣaṇa)
• Scots: adverb
• Scottish Gaelic: co-ghnìomhair m
• Serbo-Croatian:

  Cyrillic: при́лог m, адверб m

  Roman: prílog (sh) m, adverb (sh) m

• Sicilian: avverbiu (scn) m
• Sinhalese: ක්‍රියා විශේෂණය (kriyā wiśēṣaṇaya)
• Slovak: príslovka (sk) f
• Slovene: prislov (sl) m
• Spanish: adverbio (es) m
• Sundanese: please add this translation if you can
• Swahili: kielezi (sw), kisifa
• Swazi: please add this translation if you can
• Swedish: adverb (sv) n
• Tagalog: pang-abay (tl)
• Tajik: зарф (tg) (zarf), қайд (qayd)
• Tamil: வினையுரிச்சொல் (viṉaiyuriccol)
• Tatar: рәвеш (tt) (räweş)
• Telugu: క్రియా విశేషణము (kriyā viśēṣaṇamu)
• Thai: กริยาวิเศษณ์ (th) (grì-yaa-wí-sèet), วิเศษณ์ (th) (wí-sèet)
• Turkish: belirteç (tr), zarf (tr)
• Turkmen: ahwalet, hal (tk)
• Ukrainian: прислі́вник (uk) m (pryslívnyk)
• Urdu: متعلق فعل (muta'liq fe'l), تابع فعل
• Uyghur: ھالەت (halet), رەۋىش (rewish)
• Uzbek: hol (uz), ravish (uz)
• Vietnamese: trạng từ (vi), phó từ (vi) (副詞)
• Volapük: ladvärb (vo), (obsolete) ladvelib
• Welsh: adferf (cy) f
• West Frisian: bywurd (fy) n
• Yiddish: אַדווערב (yi) m (adverb)
• Zazaki: zerf
• Zulu: isandiso class 7/8

Verb

adverb (third-person singular simple present adverbs, present participle adverbing, simple past and past participle adverbed)

1. (rare) To make into or become an adverb.
   • 1973, Indian Linguistics, volume 34, page 241:

     Considering these postpositional phrases to be adverbed phrases would be an insufficient analysis, since the postpositions are determined by the verb.

   • 1998, English linguistics‎^[1]:

     Even if, in the case of native speakers of English in particular, bonded adverbed verbs are always understood and used as entities, the different stages of théir formation are probably those I have just described.

   • 2005, John Barth, The Book of Ten Nights and a Night: Eleven Stories‎^[2], page 8:

     Then, post-adverbially, they start over again from Square One, explaining that queer name of hers and who and where she is and what's going on here besides adverbing.

Synonyms

• adverbialize

See also

• Category:Adverbs by language

Anagrams

• Bevard, braved

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Mauritian Creole

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /advɛːb/

Etymology

From French adverbe.

Noun

adverb

1. adverb

Related terms

• adverbial

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Norwegian Bokmål

Etymology

From Latin adverbium, from ad- (“to”) +‎ verbum (“word, verb”).

Noun

adverb n (definite singular adverbet, indefinite plural adverb or adverber, definite plural adverba or adverbene)

1. (grammar) an adverb

References

• “adverb” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

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Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology

From Latin adverbium, from ad- (“to”) +‎ verbum (“word, verb”).

Noun

adverb n (definite singular adverbet, indefinite plural adverb, definite plural adverba)

1. (grammar) an adverb

References

• “adverb” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

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Romanian

Etymology

From Latin adverbium, from ad- (“to”) +‎ verbum (“word, verb”), French adverbe.

Noun

adverb n (plural adverbe)

1. adverb

Declension

Declension of adverb

	singular		plural
	indefinite articulation	definite articulation	indefinite articulation	definite articulation
nominative/accusative	(un) adverb	adverbul	(niște) adverbe	adverbele
genitive/dative	(unui) adverb	adverbului	(unor) adverbe	adverbelor
vocative	adverbule		adverbelor

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Serbo-Croatian

Etymology

From Latin adverbium, from ad- (“to”) +‎ verbum (“word, verb”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ǎdʋerb/
• Hyphenation: ad‧verb

Noun

àdverb m (Cyrillic spelling а̀дверб)

1. adverb

Declension

Declension of adverb

	singular	plural
nominative	adverb	adverbi
genitive	adverba	àdvērbā
dative	adverbu	adverbima
accusative	adverb	adverbe
vocative	adverbe	adverbi
locative	adverbu	adverbima
instrumental	adverbom	adverbima

Synonyms

• prílog

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Swedish

Etymology

From Latin adverbium, from ad- (“to”) + verbum (“word”).

Noun

adverb n

1. adverb

Declension

Declension of adverb
	Singular		Plural
	Indefinite	Definite	Indefinite	Definite
Nominative	adverb	adverbet	adverb	adverben
Genitive	adverbs	adverbets	adverbs	adverbens

Related terms

• adverbial

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Veps

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Noun

adverb

1. adverb

References

• Zajceva, N. G., Mullonen, M. I. (2007) “наречие”, in Uz’ venä-vepsläine vajehnik / Novyj russko-vepsskij slovarʹ [New Russian–Veps Dictionary]‎^[3], Petrozavodsk: Periodika