arduous
Appearance
English
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Latin arduus (“lofty, high, steep, hard to reach, difficult, laborious”), akin to Irish ard (“high”).
Pronunciation
[edit]- (Received Pronunciation) IPA(key): /ˈɑː.djuː.əs/, /ˈɑː.d͡ʒuː.əs/
- (US) IPA(key): /ˈɑɹ.d͡ʒu.əs/
Audio (US): (file)
Adjective
[edit]arduous (comparative more arduous, superlative most arduous)
- Needing or using up much energy; testing powers of endurance.
- The movement towards a peaceful settlement has been a long and arduous political struggle.
- 2012 May 5, Phil McNulty, “Chelsea 2-1 Liverpool”, in BBC Sport[1]:
- Chelsea survived and can now turn their attentions to the Champions League final against Bayern Munich in Germany later this month as they face an increasingly arduous task to finish in the Premier League's top four.
- For more quotations using this term, see Citations:arduous.
- (obsolete) burning; ardent
- 1805-1814, Dante, Henry Francis Cary (translator), The Divine Comedy
- Where flames the arduous Spirit of Isidore.
- 1805-1814, Dante, Henry Francis Cary (translator), The Divine Comedy
- Difficult or exhausting to traverse.
- 1974, Sue Bowder, The American biking atlas & touring guide, page 77:
- Beyond the river, an arduous slope rises 3286 feet in 13 miles.
- 1999, Scott Ciencin, Mike Fredericks, Dinoverse:
- Mike looked up from the arduous mountain trail. They'd been climbing for five hours and he was beginning to feel irritable.
- 2006, Jack W. Plunkett, Plunkett's Entertainment & Media Industry Almanac 2006:
- Survivor reaches as many as 28 million viewers who watch contestants win a new Pontiac or guzzle Mountain Dew after scaling an arduous cliff.
- For more quotations using this term, see Citations:arduous.
Synonyms
[edit]- burdensome, demanding, exhausting, fatiguing, laborious, onerous, strenuous, strugglesome, wearisome
Derived terms
[edit]Related terms
[edit]Translations
[edit]needing or using up much energy
hard to climb or traverse
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- The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
Translations to be checked
Further reading
[edit]- “arduous”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.
- “arduous”, in The Century Dictionary […], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911, →OCLC.
- “arduous”, in OneLook Dictionary Search.
Categories:
- English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₃erdʰ-
- English terms derived from Latin
- English 3-syllable words
- English terms with IPA pronunciation
- English terms with audio pronunciation
- English lemmas
- English adjectives
- English terms with usage examples
- English terms with quotations
- English terms with obsolete senses