berat

See also: Berat, berät, and bērāt

Iban

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Malayic *bərat, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bəʀəqat.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /bərat/

Noun

berat

1. weight

Adjective

berat

1. heavy (having great weight)
2. hard

   Synonyms: lembau, serut

3. hurried
4. hesitant

References

• Scott, N. C. (1956), A Dictionary of Sea Dayak‎^[2], School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London

Indonesian

Etymology

Inherited from Malay berat, from Proto-Malayic *bərat, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bəʀəqat. Doublet of bobot.

Pronunciation

• (Standard Indonesian) IPA^(key): /bəˈrat/ [bəˈrat̪̚]
• Rhymes: -at
• Syllabification: be‧rat

Adjective

bêrat (comparative lebih berat, superlative paling berat)

1. heavy (having great weight)
2. grave; severe; serious

   Synonym: parah

   Akibat kecelakaan itu, dia terkena luka berat. ― Because of the accident, he got serious injury.

3. hard; difficult

   Synonym: sulit, susah

4. inclinational

   Synonym: cenderung, memihak

5. (figurative) cursed; ill-fated

   Synonym: celaka

Synonyms

• (grave, serious): teruk (Standard Malay)

Noun

bêrat (plural berat-berat)

1. (classical mechanics) weight

   Synonym: bobot

2. (colloquial) mass

   Synonym: massa

Conjugation

Conjugation of berat (meng-, transitive)

root	berat
	active	passive		basic imperative	emphatic jussive
		reflective1	ordinary
	ordinary
nominative	memberat	–	–	–	beratlah
accusative / dative / locative	memberati	terberati	diberati	berati	beratilah
perfective causative / applicative2	memberatkan	terberatkan	diberatkan	beratkan	beratkanlah
	causative
nominative	memperberat	–	diperberat	perberat	perberatlah
accusative / dative / locative	–	–	–	–	–
perfective causative / applicative2	–	–	–	–	–

¹ There is another form of reflective passive verb with affixation of ke- -an which is not included in the table. This form is only attested in active voice without causative affixation of per-.
² The -kan row is either causative or applicative. With transitive roots it mostly has applicative meaning.
Some of these forms do not normally exist or are rarely used in standard Indonesian. Some forms may also change meaning.

Derived terms

Affixations

• berberat
• berkeberatan
• diperberat
• keberatan
• memberati
• memberatkan
• memperberat
• pemberat
• pemberatan
• terberat

Compounds

• alat berat
• berat awal
• berat badan
• berat basah
• berat benaman
• berat bersih
• berat bibir
• berat ekor
• berat hati
• berat hidup
• berat isi tanah
• berat jenis
• berat jodoh
• berat kaki
• berat kepala
• berat kosong
• berat kotor
• berat lidah
• berat mata
• berat mati
• berat molekul
• berat mulut
• berat otak
• berat pinggul
• berat sapih
• berat sebelah
• berat siku
• berat tangan
• berat telinga
• berat tulang

Related terms

• bobot

Further reading

• “berat”, in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia [Great Dictionary of the Indonesian Language] (in Indonesian), Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016

Latvian

Verb

berat

1. second-person plural present indicative of bērt

Malay

Alternative forms

• beghot (Natuna)
• beghat (Pontianak)

Etymology

Inherited from Old Malay brat, from Proto-Malayic *bərat, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bəʀəqat. Attested in Muara Jambi Old Malay inscriptions from the 11th–12th centuries.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /bəˈrat/ [bəˈrat̪̚]

  • Audio (Malaysia):

    (file)

• Rhymes: -rat, -at

Noun

berat (Jawi spelling برت, uncountable)

1. (physics) weight

Adjective

berat (Jawi spelling برت, comparative lebih berat, superlative paling berat)

1. heavy (having great weight)
2. onerous, arduous

Derived terms

Affixations

• berati
• beratkan
• berberat
• berkeberatan
• diberat
• diberati
• diberatkan
• diperberat
• keberatan
• memberat
• memberati
• memberatkan
• memperberat
• pemberat
• pemberatan
• seberat
• terberat

Descendants

• > Indonesian: berat (inherited)

Further reading

• "berat" in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu (PRPM) [Malay Literary Reference Centre (PRPM)] (in Malay), Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017

Old Irish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈbʲe.ɾəd̪/
  • (Blasse) [ˈbʲe.ɾad̪]
  • (Griffith) [ˈbʲe.ɾəd̪]

Verb

·berat

1. third-person plural present indicative/subjunctive conjunct of beirid

Mutation

Mutation of ·berat

radical	lenition	nasalization
·berat	·berat pronounced with /βʲ-/	·mberat

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Old Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.