düster
Central Franconian
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]- deister (Moselle Franconian)
Etymology
[edit]From north-western Middle High German diuster, from Old High German thiustri, from Proto-West Germanic *þiustrī.
While Standard German düster is a borrowing from Low German, the word is native in Central Franconian and some bordering dialects of Rhine Franconian; compare Luxembourgish däischter.
Pronunciation
[edit]Adjective
[edit]düster (masculine düstere, feminine düster, comparative düsterer, superlative et düsterste)
- (Ripuarian) dark (without light)
- Synonym: donkel
- 2006, “Happy End”[1]performed by BAP:
- Ich jläuv, die Klappsetz wore rut bespannt.
Ich ben nit secher, doch ich jläuv met Samp.
Vürhang met Stääne drop,
’T wood düster un hä jing op.- I think the folding seats were covered in red.
I’m not sure, but I think in velvet.
A curtain with stars on it,
All went dark and then it opened.
- I think the folding seats were covered in red.
Usage notes
[edit]- Central Franconian originally made a fairly neat distinction between donkel (“dark in colour”) and düster (“dark through lack of light”). Contemporary usage, however, has been influenced by Standard German such that donkel can now have both senses.
German
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]- duster (chiefly in the literal sense and more informal)
Etymology
[edit]From Middle Low German dûster, from Old Saxon thiustri, ultimately from Proto-West Germanic *þiustrī (“dark, without light”). The word also exists in parts of West Central German (compare Luxembourgish däischter), which probably facilitated the borrowing; but the standardised form is definitely from Low German in view of its lacking diphthongisation.
Pronunciation
[edit]Adjective
[edit]düster (strong nominative masculine singular düsterer, comparative düsterer or düstrer, superlative am düstersten)
- dark, dim, gloomy, obscure
- (figurative) cheerless, melancholy, somber
Usage notes
[edit]- The general word for “dark” is dunkel, which is usual in all contexts and refers to both light and colour. The words finster and düster are chiefly restricted to the sense “lacking light”; both of them often have an undertone of eeriness or somberness. In contemporary German, finster usually means a virtual lack of light, while düster tends to mean a dim twilight.
- The contracted comparative düstrer is per se rare, but more commonly seen in the inflected forms, e.g. düstrere, düstrerer (in order to avoid the three reduced syllables and reduplication in düsterere, düstererer).
Declension
[edit]number & gender | singular | plural | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
masculine | feminine | neuter | |||
predicative | er ist düster | sie ist düster | es ist düster | sie sind düster | |
strong declension (without article) |
nominative | düsterer | düstere | düsteres | düstere |
genitive | düsteren | düsterer | düsteren | düsterer | |
dative | düsterem | düsterer | düsterem | düsteren | |
accusative | düsteren | düstere | düsteres | düstere | |
weak declension (with definite article) |
nominative | der düstere | die düstere | das düstere | die düsteren |
genitive | des düsteren | der düsteren | des düsteren | der düsteren | |
dative | dem düsteren | der düsteren | dem düsteren | den düsteren | |
accusative | den düsteren | die düstere | das düstere | die düsteren | |
mixed declension (with indefinite article) |
nominative | ein düsterer | eine düstere | ein düsteres | (keine) düsteren |
genitive | eines düsteren | einer düsteren | eines düsteren | (keiner) düsteren | |
dative | einem düsteren | einer düsteren | einem düsteren | (keinen) düsteren | |
accusative | einen düsteren | eine düstere | ein düsteres | (keine) düsteren |
Further reading
[edit]German Low German
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Middle Low German dü̂ster, from Old Saxon thiustri (“dark”). Akin to Old High German dinstar.
Pronunciation
[edit]Adjective
[edit]düster
- Central Franconian terms inherited from Middle High German
- Central Franconian terms derived from Middle High German
- Central Franconian terms inherited from Old High German
- Central Franconian terms derived from Old High German
- Central Franconian terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic
- Central Franconian terms derived from Proto-West Germanic
- Central Franconian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Central Franconian lemmas
- Central Franconian adjectives
- Ripuarian Franconian
- Central Franconian terms with quotations
- German terms derived from Middle Low German
- German terms derived from Old Saxon
- German terms derived from Proto-West Germanic
- German 2-syllable words
- German terms with IPA pronunciation
- German terms with audio pronunciation
- German lemmas
- German adjectives
- German Low German terms inherited from Middle Low German
- German Low German terms derived from Middle Low German
- German Low German terms inherited from Old Saxon
- German Low German terms derived from Old Saxon
- German Low German terms with IPA pronunciation
- German Low German lemmas
- German Low German adjectives