dul

See also: Appendix:Variations of "dul"

Translingual

Symbol

dul

1. (international standards) ISO 639-3 language code for Alabat Island Agta.

See also

• Wiktionary’s coverage of Alabat Island Agta terms

Afar

Dul.

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈdul/ [ˈdʊl]
• Hyphenation: dul

Noun

dúl m (plural duulitté f)

1. common hippopotamus (Hippopotamus amphibius)

Declension

Declension of dúl
absolutive	dúl
predicative	dúulu
subjective	dúl
genitive	dultí
Postpositioned forms l-case dúulul k-case dúuluk t-case dúulut h-case dúuluh

References

• E. M. Parker; R. J. Hayward (1985), “dul”, in An Afar-English-French dictionary (with Grammatical Notes in English), University of London, →ISBN

Aromanian

Alternative forms

• dhul, dulu, dhulu

Etymology

From Greek δούλος (doúlos).

Noun

dul m (plural dulj, feminine equivalent dulã)

1. servant

Synonyms

• huzmichear, shcljau

Azerbaijani

Etymology

From Proto-Turkic *tul, *dul(k) (“widow, widower”).

Pronunciation

• Audio:

  (file)

Noun

dul (definite accusative dulu, plural dullar)

1. widow, widower

Declension

Declension of dul

	singular	plural
nominative	dul	dullar
definite accusative	dulu	dulları
dative	dula	dullara
locative	dulda	dullarda
ablative	duldan	dullardan
definite genitive	dulun	dulların

Possessive forms of dul

	nominative
	singular	plural
mənim (“my”)	dulum	dullarım
sənin (“your”)	dulun	dulların
onun (“his/her/its”)	dulu	dulları
bizim (“our”)	dulumuz	dullarımız
sizin (“your”)	dulunuz	dullarınız
onların (“their”)	dulu or dulları	dulları
	accusative
	singular	plural
mənim (“my”)	dulumu	dullarımı
sənin (“your”)	dulunu	dullarını
onun (“his/her/its”)	dulunu	dullarını
bizim (“our”)	dulumuzu	dullarımızı
sizin (“your”)	dulunuzu	dullarınızı
onların (“their”)	dulunu or dullarını	dullarını
	dative
	singular	plural
mənim (“my”)	duluma	dullarıma
sənin (“your”)	duluna	dullarına
onun (“his/her/its”)	duluna	dullarına
bizim (“our”)	dulumuza	dullarımıza
sizin (“your”)	dulunuza	dullarınıza
onların (“their”)	duluna or dullarına	dullarına
	locative
	singular	plural
mənim (“my”)	dulumda	dullarımda
sənin (“your”)	dulunda	dullarında
onun (“his/her/its”)	dulunda	dullarında
bizim (“our”)	dulumuzda	dullarımızda
sizin (“your”)	dulunuzda	dullarınızda
onların (“their”)	dulunda or dullarında	dullarında
	ablative
	singular	plural
mənim (“my”)	dulumdan	dullarımdan
sənin (“your”)	dulundan	dullarından
onun (“his/her/its”)	dulundan	dullarından
bizim (“our”)	dulumuzdan	dullarımızdan
sizin (“your”)	dulunuzdan	dullarınızdan
onların (“their”)	dulundan or dullarından	dullarından
	genitive
	singular	plural
mənim (“my”)	dulumun	dullarımın
sənin (“your”)	dulunun	dullarının
onun (“his/her/its”)	dulunun	dullarının
bizim (“our”)	dulumuzun	dullarımızın
sizin (“your”)	dulunuzun	dullarınızın
onların (“their”)	dulunun or dullarının	dullarının

Czech

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈdul]

Participle

dul

1. masculine singular past active participle of dout

Hamer-Banna

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /dúl/, [dúl̥]

Ideophone

dul

1. act of going

References

• Petrollino, Sara (2016), A Grammar of Hamar: A South Omotic language of Ethiopia‎^[1], Leiden University

Icelandic

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /tʏːl/
• Rhymes: -ʏːl

Noun

dul f (genitive singular dular, no plural)

1. concealment

   Synonym: leynd

Declension

Declension of dul (sg-only feminine)

	singular
	indefinite	definite
nominative	dul	dulin
accusative	dul	dulina
dative	dul	dulinni
genitive	dular	dularinnar

Related terms

• duld (“neurosis, complex”)
• dulur (“introverted, reticent”)
• dulúð (“occult, mystery”)
• dylja (“to hide, to conceal”)

Irish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /d̪ˠul̪ˠ/, /d̪ˠol̪ˠ/, /d̪ˠɞl̪ˠ/

Etymology 1

From Old Irish dul, verbal noun of téit (“to go”).

Alternative forms

• goil, gul, ’ul

The spontaneously lenited form dhul is also found outside of usually leniting environments.

Noun

dul m (genitive singular dula)

1. verbal noun of téigh
2. going, passing, departure
3. way, method; means, capability
4. proper, natural order
5. arrangement, construction, style, version
6. condition, state
7. time, occasion

Declension

Declension of dul (third declension, no plural)

bare forms singular nominative dul vocative a dhul genitive dula dative dul forms with the definite article singular nominative an dul genitive an dula dative leis an dul don dul

Synonyms

• goil (Connacht, Ulster)

Derived terms

• dul idir

Etymology 2

Noun

dul m (genitive singular dula)

1. alternative form of dol (“loop”)

Declension

Declension of dul (third declension, no plural)

bare forms singular nominative dul vocative a dhul genitive dula dative dul forms with the definite article singular nominative an dul genitive an dula dative leis an dul don dul

Verb

dul (present analytic dulann, future analytic dulfaidh, verbal noun duladh, past participle dulta)

1. alternative form of dol (“to loop”)

Conjugation

conjugation of dul (first conjugation – A)

verbal noun	duladh
past participle	dulta
tense	singular			plural			relative	autonomous
	first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative
present	dulaim	dulann tú; dulair†	dulann sé, sí	dulaimid	dulann sibh	dulann siad; dulaid†	a dhulann; a dhulas / a ndulann*	dultar
past	dhul mé; dhulas	dhul tú; dhulais	dhul sé, sí	dhulamar; dhul muid	dhul sibh; dhulabhair	dhul siad; dhuladar	a dhul / ar dhul*	duladh
past habitual	dhulainn / ndulainn‡‡	dhultá / ndultᇇ	dhuladh sé, sí / nduladh sé, s퇇	dhulaimis; dhuladh muid / ndulaimis‡‡; nduladh muid‡‡	dhuladh sibh / nduladh sibh‡‡	dhulaidís; dhuladh siad / ndulaidís‡‡; nduladh siad‡‡	a dhuladh / a nduladh*	dhultaí / ndulta퇇
future	dulfaidh mé; dulfad	dulfaidh tú; dulfair†	dulfaidh sé, sí	dulfaimid; dulfaidh muid	dulfaidh sibh	dulfaidh siad; dulfaid†	a dhulfaidh; a dhulfas / a ndulfaidh*	dulfar
conditional	dhulfainn / ndulfainn‡‡	dhulfá / ndulfᇇ	dhulfadh sé, sí / ndulfadh sé, s퇇	dhulfaimis; dhulfadh muid / ndulfaimis‡‡; ndulfadh muid‡‡	dhulfadh sibh / ndulfadh sibh‡‡	dhulfaidís; dhulfadh siad / ndulfaidís‡‡; ndulfadh siad‡‡	a dhulfadh / a ndulfadh*	dhulfaí / ndulfa퇇
subjunctive
present	go ndula mé; go ndulad†	go ndula tú; go ndulair†	go ndula sé, sí	go ndulaimid; go ndula muid	go ndula sibh	go ndula siad; go ndulaid†	—	go ndultar
past	dá ndulainn	dá ndultá	dá nduladh sé, sí	dá ndulaimis; dá nduladh muid	dá nduladh sibh	dá ndulaidís; dá nduladh siad	—	dá ndultaí
imperative
–	dulaim	dul	duladh sé, sí	dulaimis	dulaigí; dulaidh†	dulaidís	—	dultar

* indirect relative
† archaic or dialect form
‡‡ dependent form used with particles that trigger eclipsis

Mutation

Mutated forms of dul

radical	lenition	eclipsis
dul	dhul	ndul

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Further reading

• Dinneen, Patrick S. (1927), “dul”, in Foclóir Gaeḋilge agus Béarla, 2nd edition, Dublin: Irish Texts Society, page 379; reprinted with additions 1996, →ISBN
• Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977), “dul”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN

Middle English

Alternative forms

• dulle, doule

Etymology

From Old English dol, from Proto-West Germanic *dol, from Proto-Germanic *dulaz.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /dul/

Adjective

dul

1. dull

Descendants

• English: dull
• Scots: dull
• Yola: dull

References

• “dul, adj.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.

North Wahgi

Noun

dul

1. eye

Further reading

• Heather and Don Mc Lean, North Wahgi (Yu We) Organised Phonology Data (2005), p. 2

Old Irish

Alternative forms

• daul

Etymology

The u in the term is commonly assumed to have arisen in the first place from u-infection of an original Proto-Celtic *dalus, which may be derived from Proto-Indo-European *dʰelh₁- (“to ooze, spring up”), Ancient Greek θάλλω (thállō, “to bloom, thrive”), Albanian dal (“to go out”). Related to Welsh deillio (“to emanate, arise”). Matasović considers this etymology “dubious on semantic grounds” but suggests no alternative etymology.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈd̪ul/

Noun

dul m (genitive dula)

1. verbal noun of téit

Inflection

Masculine u-stem

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	dul	—	—
vocative	dul	—	—
accusative	dulN	—	—
genitive	duloH, dulaH	—	—
dative	dulL	—	—

Initial mutations of a following adjective:

• ^H = triggers aspiration
• ^L = triggers lenition
• ^N = triggers nasalization

Related terms

• duilne (“foliage”)
• duilesc (“edible seaweed”)

Descendants

• Irish: dul
• Scottish Gaelic: dol

Mutation

Mutation of dul

radical	lenition	nasalization
dul	dul pronounced with /ð-/	ndul

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Old Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Further reading

• Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “1 dul”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

Scottish Gaelic

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /t̪ul̪ˠ/

Etymology 1

From Old Irish dul (“snare, trap”).

Noun

dul m (genitive singular dula, plural dulachan)

1. loop, noose, link

Synonyms

• lùb

Derived terms

• dul-briogais
• dul-iuchrach

Mutation

Mutation of dul

radical	lenition
dul	dhul

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Scottish Gaelic.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Etymology 2

From Old Irish dul (“going, to go”), verbal noun of téit.

Noun

dul m (genitive singular dul, no plural)

1. Ross-shire, Sutherland, East Inverness-shire, and Deeside form of dol

Further reading

• Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “2 dul”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

Sumerian

Romanization

dul

1. romanization of 𒌋𒌆 (dul)

Turkish

Etymology

From Ottoman Turkish طول (dul), from Proto-Turkic *tul. Cognate with Bashkir тол (tol), Old Turkic 𐱄𐰆𐰟 (tul).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈduɫ/
• Hyphenation: dul

• Audio:

  (file)

Noun

dul (definite accusative dulu, plural dullar)

1. widow, widower
2. divorcee

Declension

Declension of dul

singular plural nominative dul dullar definite accusative dulu dulları dative dula dullara locative dulda dullarda ablative duldan dullardan genitive dulun dulların Predicative forms singular plural 1st singular dulum dullarım 2nd singular dulsun dullarsın 3rd singular dul duldur dullar dullardır 1st plural duluz dullarız 2nd plural dulsunuz dullarsınız 3rd plural dullar dullardır

Derived terms

• dul kalmak
• dulavrat otu
• karadul

Descendants

• → Laz: ტული (ťuli)

Further reading

• “dul”, in Turkish dictionaries, Türk Dil Kurumu
• Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007), “dul”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 1301

West Flemish

Adjective

dul

1. angry

   Synonyms: kwoad, vys