esmar

Galician

Alternative forms

• asmar, osmar, usmar

Etymology

From Old Galician-Portuguese osmar (13th century, Cantigas de Santa Maria), from Latin aestimare. Doublet of estimar.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [esˈmaɾ]

Verb

esmar (first-person singular present esmo, first-person singular preterite esmei, past participle esmado)

1. (archaic) to estimate; to appraise

Conjugation

    Conjugation of esmar

	Singular			Plural
	First-person (eu)	Second-person (ti)	Third-person (el / ela / Vde.)	First-person (nós)	Second-person (vós)	Third-person (eles / elas / Vdes.)
Infinitive
Impersonal	esmar
Personal	esmar	esmares	esmar	esmarmos	esmardes	esmaren
Gerund
	esmando
Past participle
Masculine	esmado			esmados
Feminine	esmada			esmadas
Indicative
Present	esmo	esmas	esma	esmamos	esmades	esman
Imperfect	esmaba	esmabas	esmaba	esmabamos	esmabades	esmaban
Preterite	esmei	esmaches	esmou	esmamos	esmastes	esmaron
Pluperfect	esmara	esmaras	esmara	esmaramos	esmarades	esmaran
Future	esmarei	esmarás	esmará	esmaremos	esmaredes	esmarán
Conditional	esmaría	esmarías	esmaría	esmariamos	esmariades	esmarían
Subjunctive
Present	esme	esmes	esme	esmemos	esmedes	esmen
Imperfect	esmase	esmases	esmase	esmásemos	esmásedes	esmasen
Future	esmar	esmares	esmar	esmarmos	esmardes	esmaren
Imperative
Affirmative		esma	esme	esmemos	esmade	esmen
Negative (non)		non esmes	non esme	non esmemos	non esmedes	non esmen

    Reintegrated conjugation of esmar (See Appendix:Reintegrationism)

	Singular			Plural
	First-person (eu)	Second-person (ti / tu)	Third-person (ele / ela / você)	First-person (nós)	Second-person (vós)	Third-person (eles / elas / vocês)
Infinitive
Impersonal	esmar
Personal	esmar	esmares	esmar	esmarmos	esmardes	esmarem
Gerund
	esmando
Past participle
Masculine	esmado			esmados
Feminine	esmada			esmadas
Indicative
Present	esmo	esmas	esma	esmamos	esmades, esmais	esmam
Imperfect	esmava	esmavas	esmava	esmávamos	esmávades, esmáveis, esmávais1	esmavam
Preterite	esmei	esmaste, esmache1	esmou	esmamos	esmastes	esmárom, esmaram
Pluperfect	esmara	esmaras	esmara	esmáramos	esmárades, esmáreis, esmárais1	esmaram
Future	esmarei	esmarás	esmará	esmaremos	esmaredes, esmareis	esmarám, esmarão
Conditional	esmaria	esmarias	esmaria	esmaríamos	esmaríades, esmaríeis, esmaríais1	esmariam
Subjunctive
Present	esme	esmes	esme	esmemos	esmedes, esmeis	esmem
Imperfect	esmasse	esmasses	esmasse	esmássemos	esmássedes, esmásseis	esmassem
Future	esmar	esmares	esmar	esmarmos	esmardes	esmarem
Imperative
Affirmative		esma	esme	esmemos	esmade, esmai	esmem
Negative (nom)		nom esmes	nom esme	nom esmemos	nom esmedes, nom esmeis	nom esmem

¹Less recommended.

References

• Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, editor (2006–2013), “usmar”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega [Dictionary of Dictionaries of the Galician language] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• “@smar”, in Dicionario da Real Academia Galega (in Galician), A Coruña: Royal Galician Academy, 2012–2026
• Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, editors (2003–2018), “osmar”, in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• “esmar”, in Dicionário Estraviz de galego (in Galician), 2014–2026
• Rosario Álvarez Blanco, editor (2014–2024), “esmar”, in Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega, →ISSN

Portuguese

Etymology

Inherited from Latin aestimare. Doublet of estimar, which displaced this word.

Pronunciation

 

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /izˈma(ʁ)/ [izˈma(h)], /ezˈma(ʁ)/ [ezˈma(h)]

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /izˈma(ʁ)/ [izˈma(h)], /ezˈma(ʁ)/ [ezˈma(h)]
  • (São Paulo) IPA^(key): /izˈma(ɾ)/, /ezˈma(ɾ)/
  • (Rio de Janeiro) IPA^(key): /iʒˈma(ʁ)/ [iʒˈma(χ)], /eʒˈma(ʁ)/ [eʒˈma(χ)]
  • (Caipira) IPA^(key): /izˈma(ɻ)/, /ezˈma(ɻ)/
  • (Southern Brazil) IPA^(key): /ezˈma(ʁ)/ [ezˈma(h)]

 

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /(i)ʒˈmaɾ/

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /(i)ʒˈmaɾ/
  • (Southern Portugal) IPA^(key): /(i)ʒˈma.ɾi/

• Hyphenation: es‧mar

Verb

esmar (first-person singular present esmo, first-person singular preterite esmei, past participle esmado) (archaic, rare, transitive)

1. to estimate, to calculate roughly

   Synonyms: estimar, calcular, avaliar

   • 1569, Gaspar da Cruz, “Capitulo sexto / em ho qual particularmente ſe trata da cidade da Cantam [Chapter six / which tells particularly of the city of Canton]” (chapter VI), in Tractado em que ſe cõtam muito poꝛ eſtẽſo as couſas da China […] [Treaty in which the matters of China are told very extensively  […]], 1st edition, Andre de Burgos, unnumbered page:

     Ha cõta dos paſſos ⁊ baluartes vay feita polo meudo: outros ha fizerã a eſmar pola diſtancia dos baluartes […]

     The count of the steps and bastions was made carefully: others have made it by estimating from the distance between the bastions […]

   • a. 1583, Fernão Mendez Pinto, “Como deſte porto de C,unda fuy ter a donde em cõpanhia doutros Portugueſes fuy cõ el Rey â guerra do Chiamãy, & do ſuceßo della.” (chapter CLXXXI), in Peregrinaçam de Fernam Mendez Pinto [Fernão Mendes Pinto’s Peregrination], 1st edition, Lisbon: Pedro Crasbeeck, published 1614, page 232v:

     […] auia hũa grande ſoma de gente de q̃ o numero ſe não ſabia em certo, mas pelo q̃ ſe via delle ſe eſmaua em trezentos mil homens […]

     […] there was a large gathering of people of which the number was not known for certain, but, from what could be seen of it, it was estimated around three-hundred thousand men […]

   • 1866, Camillo Castello Branco, “Virtuosas parvoiçadas” (chapter VI), in A queda d’um anjo [The fall of an angel], 1st edition, Lisbon: Livraria de Campos Junior, page 42:

     Na Grecia, o archonte eponymo, a cargo de quem o estado delegava as despezas das representações, esmava o dispendio de cada uma em dois talentos, 3:250$000 réis, pouco mais ou menos da nossa moeda.

     In Greece, the eponymous archon, to whom the state entrusted the expenses of the performances, estimated the cost of each at two talents – 3:250$000 réis, more or less, in our currency.

   • 1909, Euclydes da Cunha, “Na Amazonia [In the Amazon]”, in Á marjem da historia [At the banks of history], 1st edition, Porto: Livraria Chardron, page 109:

     Elle vacila um momento no seu pedestal flutuante, fustigado a tiros, indecizo, como a esmar um rumo, durante alguns minutos, até se reaviar no sentido geral da correnteza.

     He wavers for a moment on his floating pedestal, lashed by gunfire, uncertain, as if trying to gauge a course, for a few minutes, until he sets himself again in the general direction of the current.

2. to conjecture

Conjugation

    Conjugation of esmar (See Appendix:Portuguese verbs)

	Singular			Plural
	First-person (eu)	Second-person (tu)	Third-person (ele / ela / você)	First-person (nós)	Second-person (vós)	Third-person (eles / elas / vocês)
Infinitive
Impersonal	esmar
Personal	esmar	esmares	esmar	esmarmos	esmardes	esmarem
Gerund
	esmando
Past participle
Masculine	esmado			esmados
Feminine	esmada			esmadas
Indicative
Present	esmo	esmas	esma	esmamos	esmais	esmam
Imperfect	esmava	esmavas	esmava	esmávamos	esmáveis	esmavam
Preterite	esmei	esmaste	esmou	esmamos1, esmámos2	esmastes	esmaram
Pluperfect	esmara	esmaras	esmara	esmáramos	esmáreis	esmaram
Future	esmarei	esmarás	esmará	esmaremos	esmareis	esmarão
Conditional	esmaria	esmarias	esmaria	esmaríamos	esmaríeis	esmariam
Subjunctive
Present	esme	esmes	esme	esmemos	esmeis	esmem
Imperfect	esmasse	esmasses	esmasse	esmássemos	esmásseis	esmassem
Future	esmar	esmares	esmar	esmarmos	esmardes	esmarem
Imperative
Affirmative		esma	esme	esmemos	esmai	esmem
Negative (não)		não esmes	não esme	não esmemos	não esmeis	não esmem

¹Brazilian Portuguese.
²European Portuguese.

Derived terms

• esmo

Further reading

• “esmar”, in Dicionário Aulete Digital (in Portuguese), Rio de Janeiro: Lexikon Editora Digital, 2008–2026
• “esmar”, in Dicionário infopédia da Lingua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Porto: Porto Editora, 2003–2026
• “esmar”, in Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Lisbon: Priberam, 2008–2026