estival

English

Alternative forms

• aestival, æstival

Etymology

From Middle English estival, from Old French estival, from Latin aestivalis.

Pronunciation

• (Received Pronunciation) IPA^(key): /iːˈstaɪv(ə)l/, /ˈiːstɪv(ə)l/, /ɛˈstaɪv(ə)l/, /ˈɛstaɪv(ə)l/
• Rhymes: -aɪvəl

Adjective

estival (comparative more estival, superlative most estival)

1. Of or relating to summer.

   Synonyms: summery, summer

   Antonyms: hibernal, brumal, winter, wintry

   • 1938, James Agee, Knoxville: Summer of 1915:

     A horse, drawing a buggy, breaking his hollow iron music on the asphalt; a loud auto, a quiet auto; people in pairs, not in a hurry, scuffling, switching their weight of aestival body, talking casually; the taste hovering over them of vanilla, strawberry, pasteboard, and starched milk; the image upon them of lovers and horsemen, squared with clowns in hueless amber.

2. Coming forth in the summer.
   • 1824, Thomas Forster, The Perennial Calendar, and Companion to the Almanack, page 328:

     […] begin now to redden in abundance on the trees, and continue throughout the month, and part of the next; more particulars of which will be found in our catalogue of aestival fruits. The birds now begin to be very active in devouring the fruits, ...

   • 1880, Rugby School, “Report of the Rugby School Natural History Society”, in Natural History, Society, page 5:

     To the first or aestival class must also be referred a small number of early spring flowerers, such as the Alyssums and Drabas.

   • 1892, Contribution[s] from the Botanical Survey of Nebraska, page 72:

     Thalictrum purpurascens. Lactuca pulchella. Verbena stricta. The estival period begins about the tenth of June, and is characterized by the rapid diminution of the vernal bloomers rather than by the addition of the important estival flowers .

   • 1911, John Merle Coulter, Henry Chandler Cowles, Ecology, page 843:

     On the other hand, many tropical flowers and a large number of estival flowers of temperate climates have more specialized structures, their nectar supply being hidden in spurs or at the base of long corolla tubes.

   • 2009, William Penn, Love in the Time of Flowers, Trafford Publishing, →ISBN, page 754:

     […] were basking near men-of-the-earth (always a morning glory) and kiss-mes and kiss-me-quicks where she was sure to contract spring fever, vulnerable as she with her romanticist heart was to get it now that estival flowers […]

Coordinate terms

• autumnal
• brumal
• prevernal
• serotinal
• vernal

 

Related terms

• estivate

Translations

of or relating to summer

• Arabic: صَيْفِيّ (ṣayfiyy)
• Belarusian: ле́тні (ljétni)
• Bulgarian: летен (leten)
• Catalan: estival (ca)
• Dutch: zomers (nl)
• Finnish: kesäinen (fi)
• French: estival (fr)
• Galician: estival (gl)
• Georgian: საზაფხულო (sazapxulo), ზაფხულის (zapxulis), ზაფხულური (zapxuluri) (nonstandard)
• German: sommerlich (de)
• Hungarian: nyári (hu)
• Ido: somerala (io)
• Indonesian: estival
• Italian: estivo (it)
• Latin: aestivālis
• Persian: تابستانی (fa) (tâbestâni)
• Portuguese: estival (pt), estivo (pt)
• Romanian: estival (ro), estiv (ro), văratic (ro)
• Russian: ле́тний (ru) (létnij)
• Spanish: estival (es)
• Swedish: somrig (sv)
• Ukrainian: лі́тній (uk) (lítnij)
• Welsh: hafol

Anagrams

• Ilvates, Vitelas, alvites, silvate

Catalan

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin aestivālis.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (Central) [əs.tiˈβal]
• IPA^(key): (Balearic) [əs.tiˈval]
• IPA^(key): (Valencian) [es.tiˈval]
• Rhymes: -al

Adjective

estival m or f (masculine and feminine plural estivals)

1. estival

   Antonym: hivernal

Related terms

• estiu

References

• “estival” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.

French

Etymology

First attested in 1119. From Old French estival, from Latin aestivālis, from aestas (“summer”) (whence French été).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɛs.ti.val/

• audio

  (file)

Adjective

estival (feminine estivale, masculine plural estivaux, feminine plural estivales)

1. estival, summery

   Coordinate terms: printanier, automnal, hivernal

Related terms

• estiver

Further reading

• “estival”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

Anagrams

• lévitas
• vitales

Indonesian

Etymology

From Latin aestivālis (“relating to the summer”), from aestīvus (“of the summer”), from aestas (“summer”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ɛsˈt̪ival]
• Hyphenation: ès‧ti‧val

Adjective

estival

1. estival

Further reading

• “estival” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation — Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic Indonesia, 2016.

Portuguese

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Latin aestīvālis (“relating to the summer”), from aestīvus (“of the summer”), from aestās (“summer”).

Pronunciation

 

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /is.t͡ʃiˈvaw/ [is.t͡ʃiˈvaʊ̯], /es.t͡ʃiˈvaw/ [es.t͡ʃiˈvaʊ̯]

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /is.t͡ʃiˈvaw/ [is.t͡ʃiˈvaʊ̯], /es.t͡ʃiˈvaw/ [es.t͡ʃiˈvaʊ̯]
  • (Rio de Janeiro) IPA^(key): /iʃ.t͡ʃiˈvaw/ [iʃ.t͡ʃiˈvaʊ̯], /eʃ.t͡ʃiˈvaw/ [eʃ.t͡ʃiˈvaʊ̯]
  • (Southern Brazil) IPA^(key): /es.t͡ʃiˈvaw/ [es.t͡ʃiˈvaʊ̯]

 

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /(i)ʃ.tiˈval/ [(i)ʃ.tiˈvaɫ]

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /(i)ʃ.tiˈval/ [(i)ʃ.tiˈvaɫ]
  • (Northern Portugal) IPA^(key): /(i)ʃ.tiˈbal/ [(i)ʃ.tiˈβaɫ]
  • (Southern Portugal) IPA^(key): /(i)ʃ.tiˈva.li/

• Rhymes: (Portugal) -al, (Brazil) -aw
• Hyphenation: es‧ti‧val

Adjective

estival m or f (plural estivais, not comparable)

1. estival, summery
2. (botany) estival (coming forth in the summer)

Derived terms

• estivalmente

Related terms

• estio
• estivar

Romanian

Etymology

Borrowed from French estival.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /es.tiˈval/

Adjective

estival m or n (feminine singular estivală, masculine plural estivali, feminine and neuter plural estivale)

1. estival

   Synonym: estiv

Declension

Declension of estival

		singular			plural
		masculine	neuter	feminine	masculine	neuter	feminine
nominative/ accusative	indefinite	estival		estivală	estivali	estivale
	definite	estivalul		estivala	estivalii	estivalele
genitive/ dative	indefinite	estival		estivale	estivali	estivale
	definite	estivalului		estivalei	estivalilor	estivalelor

References

• estival in DEX online—Dicționare ale limbii române (Dictionaries of the Romanian language)

Spanish

Etymology

From Latin aestivālis (“relating to the summer”), from aestīvus (“of the summer”), from aestus (“heat”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /estiˈbal/ [es.t̪iˈβ̞al]
• Rhymes: -al
• Syllabification: es‧ti‧val

Adjective

estival m or f (masculine and feminine plural estivales)

1. summery, estival

   Synonym: veraniego

Related terms

• estío

 

Further reading

• “estival”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014