ius

See also: Ius, IUs, and -ius

Gothic

Romanization

ius

1. Romanization of 𐌹𐌿𐍃

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Latin

Alternative forms

• jūs

Pronunciation

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /i̯uːs/, [i̯uːs̠]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /jus/, [jus]

Etymology 1

(deprecated template usage)

From Proto-Italic *jowos, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂yew-, an extended form of the root *h₂ey- (the source of aevum and iuvenis). Cognate with Sanskrit योस् (yós).

Noun

iūs n (genitive iūris); third declension

1. law, right

   163 BCE, Publius Terentius Afer, Heauton Timorumenos :

   Ius summum saepe summa est malitia.

   Supreme law is often supreme malice.

2. subjective right, individual right
3. court of law

Declension

Third-declension noun (neuter, imparisyllabic non-i-stem).

Case	Singular	Plural
Nominative	iūs	iūra
Genitive	iūris	iūrum
Dative	iūrī	iūribus
Accusative	iūs	iūra
Ablative	iūre	iūribus
Vocative	iūs	iūra

Derived terms

• iniūria
• iniūrius
• iūrgō
• iūrō
• iūs prīmae noctis
• iūstus
• periūrus

Descendants

• Asturian: xuru
• English: jury, jurisprudence
• German: Jura, Jus
• Italian: gius, giure

• Old Spanish: jur
• Portuguese: juro
• Spanish: juro

Etymology 2

From Proto-Indo-European *yows-, from *yew- (“to mix (of meal preparation)”). Cognate with Sanskrit यूष (yūṣa), Ancient Greek ζῦθος (zûthos), ζύμη (zúmē), ζωμός (zōmós), ζωμίον (zōmíon), Proto-Germanic *justaz (whence Old Norse ostr), Proto-Slavic *juxa (whence Polish jucha, Russian уха (uxa)).

Noun

iūs n (genitive iūris); third declension

2. gravy
3. broth, soup
4. sauce
5. juice

Declension

Third-declension noun (neuter, imparisyllabic non-i-stem).

Case	Singular	Plural
Nominative	iūs	iūra
Genitive	iūris	iūrum
Dative	iūrī	iūribus
Accusative	iūs	iūra
Ablative	iūre	iūribus
Vocative	iūs	iūra

Derived terms

• iūrulentus
• iūsculum

Descendants

• Old French: jus
  • → Middle English: jus, juis
    • English: juice
      • → Faroese: djús
      • → Icelandic: djús
      • → Slovak: džús
      • → Swedish: juice
  • Middle French: jus
    • French: jus
      • → English: jus
      • → Swedish: sky

References

• “ius”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• ius in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• ius in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎^[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
  • to have become independent, be no longer a minor: sui iuris factum esse
    
  • to teach some one letters: erudire aliquem artibus, litteris (but erudire aliquem in iure civili, in re militari)
    
  • to grant a people its independence: populum liberum esse, libertate uti, sui iuris esse pati
    
  • to administer justice (said of the praetor): ius dicere
    
  • to administer justice (said of the praetor): ius reddere (Liv. 3. 33)
    
  • to assert one's right: ius suum persequi
    
  • to obtain justice: ius suum adipisci (Liv. 1. 32. 10)
    
  • to maintain one's right: ius suum tenere, obtinere
    
  • to waive one's right: de iure suo decedere or cedere
    
  • to go to law with a person: (ex) iure, lege agere cum aliquo
    
  • to proceed against some one with the utmost rigour of the law; to strain the law in one's favour: summo iure agere cum aliquo (cf. summum ius, summa iniuria)
    
  • to summon some one before the court: in ius, in iudicium vocare aliquem
    
  • a sound judicial system: aequa iuris descriptio (Off. 2. 4. 15)
    
  • to live with some one on an equal footing: aequo iure vivere cum aliquo
    
  • to reduce law to a system: ius ad artem redigere
    
  • absence of justice: ius nullum
    
  • to trample all law under foot: ius ac fas omne delere
    
  • against all law, human and divine: contra ius fasque
    
  • with full right: optimo iure
    
  • prerogative, privilege: ius praecipuum, beneficium, donum, also immunitas c. Gen.
    
  • to violate the law of nations: ius gentium violare
    
  • quite rightly: et recte (iure, merito)
    
  • quite rightly: et recte (iure) quidem
    
  • quite rightly: recte, iure id quidem
    
  • with perfect right: meo (tuo, suo) iure
    
  • with perfect right: iusto iure
    
  • legitimately; with the fullest right: optimo iure (cf. summo iure, sect. XV. 1).
    
  • (ambiguous) to give the state a constitution: civitati leges, iudicia, iura describere
    
  • (ambiguous) anarchy reigns supreme: omnia divina humanaque iura permiscentur (B. C. 1. 6. 8)
    
  • (ambiguous) to trample all law under foot: omnia iura pervertere
    
• “ius”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
• Pokorny, Julius (1959) Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 507