joug

English

Etymology 1

Related to yoke; see jougs.

Noun

joug (plural jougs)

1. The crossbar joining the shafts of an ox-drawn cart.
2. Synonym of jougs (“chained iron collar for sinners”).
   • 1873, John Murray (publishers.), Handbook for travellers in Scotland (page 261)

     About 6 ft. from the ground is fastened "the joug," an iron collar in the wall, used to confine prisoners before it was thought worth while to build prisons or cages for them.

Etymology 2

Compare jug.

Noun

joug (plural jougs)

1. Synonym of Scottish pint.
   • 2022, Graham Simpson, From Croft to Craft, page 347:

     A gallon equaled three Scottish pints or jougs.

French

Etymology

Inherited from Middle French joug, from Old French jug, jou, jof, from Latin jugum, iugum, from Proto-Italic *jugom, from Proto-Indo-European *yugóm.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ʒu/
• IPA^(key): /ʒuɡ/
• Homophones: joue, jouent, joues, jougs

Noun

joug m (plural jougs)

1. yoke
2. balance beam

Further reading

• “joug”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012

Livonian

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *joki.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈjoˀuɡ/, [ˈjo̯ˀuɡ̥]

Noun

jo’ug

1. river

Declension

Declension of jo’ug (75)

	singular (ikšlu’g)	plural (pǟgiņlu’g)
nominative (nominatīv)	jo’ug	jougūd
genitive (genitīv)	jo’ug	jougūd
partitive (partitīv)	jo’ugõ	jougīdi
dative (datīv)	jo’ugõn	jougūdõn
instrumental (instrumentāl)	jo’ugkõks	jougūdõks
illative (illatīv)	jo’ugõ	jo’ugži
inessive (inesīv)	jo’ugsõ	jo’ugši
elative (elatīv)	jo’ugstõ	jo’ugšti

References

• Tiit-Rein Viitso; Valts Ernštreits (2012–2013), “jo’ug”, in Līvõkīel-ēstikīel-lețkīel sõnārōntõz [Livonian-Estonian-Latvian Dictionary]‎^[1] (in Estonian and Latvian), Tartu, Rīga: Tartu Ülikool, Latviešu valodas aģentūra