jrj

Egyptian

Pronunciation

 

• (reconstructed) IPA^(key): /ˈjiːɾit/ → /ˈjiːɾiʔ/ → /ˈʔiːɾa/ → /ˈʔiːɾə/

• (Old Egyptian, c. 2500 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈjiːɾit/
• (Middle Egyptian, c. 1700 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈjiːɾiʔ/
• (Amarna-period Late Egyptian, c. 1350 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈʔiːɾa/
• (latest Late Egyptian, c. 800 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈʔiːɾə/

• (modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /iri/
  • Conventional anglicization: iri

Etymology 1

Verb

 3ae inf.

1. (transitive) to do, to act (+ r: against (someone); + n: for; + ḥnꜥ: with)
   • c. 1900 BCE, The Instructions of Kagemni (pPrisse/pBN 183) line 2.2:

     nj rḫ.n.tw ḫprt jrrt nṯr ḫft ḫsf.f

     One cannot know what might come to be or what the god might do when he punishes.

2. (transitive) to make (+ r: for (a place))
3. (transitive) to acquire
4. (transitive) to beget (children)
5. (transitive) to pass (time), to spend (time)
6. (transitive) to act as (a function)
7. (transitive) to cultivate (plants), to work (fields)

Inflection

Conjugation of jrj (third weak / 3ae inf. / III. inf.) — base stem: jr, geminated stem: jrr

infinitival forms			imperative
infinitive	negatival complement	complementary infinitive1	singular	plural
jrt, jrj	jrw, jr	jrt, jrwt, jryt	jr	jr, jry

‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem	periphrastic imperfective2		periphrastic prospective2
jr8, jrr8	ḥr jrt, ḥr jrj	m jrt, m jrj	r jrt, r jrj

suffix conjugation
aspect / mood	active	passive	contingent
			aspect / mood	active	passive
perfect	jr.n	jrw, jr, jry	consecutive	jr.jn	active + .tj1, .tw2
		active + .tj1, .tw2
terminative	jrt, jryt
perfective3	jr	active + .tj1, .tw2	obligative1	jr.ḫr	active + .tj1, .tw2
imperfective	jr, jry	active + .tj1, .tw2
prospective3	jrw, jr, jry	jrw, jr, jry	potentialis1	jr.kꜣ	active + .tj1, .tw2
		active + .tj1, .tw2
subjunctive	jr, jry	active + .tj1, .tw2

verbal adjectives
aspect / mood	relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms		participles
	active	passive	active	passive
perfect	jr.n	active + .tj1, .tw2	—	—
perfective	jrw1, jry, jr	active + .tj1, .tw2	jr	jry, jr
imperfective	jrr, jrry, jrrw5	active + .tj1, .tw2	jrr, jrrj6, jrry6	jrr, jrrw5
prospective	jrw1, jry, jr, jrtj7	—	jrwtj1 4, jrtj4, jrt4
Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. Only in the masculine singular. Only in the masculine. Only in the feminine. Third-person masculine statives of this class often have a final -y instead of the expected stative ending.

Derived terms

• jrj ꜣbw
• jrj ꜣ r gs
• jrj ꜣt
• jrj ḥrrt
• jrw

 

Descendants

• Demotic: jrj, jr(j)
  • Coptic: ⲓⲣⲓ (iri)

Etymology 2

r (“regarding, with respect to”) +‎ -j (“adverbializing suffix”).

Adverb

1. regarding it, with respect to it, concerning it, thereto
2. (after a preposition) Forms prepositional adverbs from certain prepositions.

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of jrj  

jr

Derived terms

• mm jrj
• nfrt-jrj
• ḫft jrj

 

Etymology 3

From r (“regarding, with respect to”) +‎ -j (“nisba ending”). The noun is simply a nominalized use of the nisba adjective.

Adjective

1. pertaining to, relating to, belonging to

Inflection

Declension of jrj (nisba adjective)

	masculine	feminine
singular	jrj	jrt
dual	jrjwj, jrwj	jrtj
plural	jrjw, jrw	jrwt1, jrt2
Archaic in Middle Egyptian when modifying a noun. From Middle Egyptian, this feminine singular form was generally used for the plural. In Late Egyptian, the masculine singular form was used with all nouns.

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of jrj  

jr	jrj	jrj

Noun

 m

1. one pertaining to
2. keeper, guardian
3. duty

Inflection

Declension of jrj (masculine)

singular	jrj
dual	jrjwj
plural	jrjw

Derived terms

• jrj-ꜥꜣ
• jrj-ꜥt
• jrj-pꜥt
• jrj-pḏt
• jrj-nfr-ḥꜣt

 

References

• James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, pages 91, 95, 456.