kapur
Malay[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From Proto-Austronesian *qapuR (“lime, calcium”). Possibly from the same source as Proto-Austronesian *qabu (“ash, cinder, powder”) ("lime" in some descendants). Cognate with Tagalog apog (“lime”), Bunun habu (“ash, powder, lime”), Tsou hapuyu (“lime”), Eastern Cham [script needed] (kapū).
Compare the Austroasiatic loanwords: Proto-Mon-Khmer *knpur (“lime”) (whence Khmer កំបោរ (kɑmbao, “lime, quicklime; plaster”), Middle Mon gapuiw (“lime”) > Mon ဂပဵု (həpɒ, “lime, stalked lime”), Vietnamese vôi (“lime”), Muong pôl (“lime”)), as well as Khmer កប៌ូរ (kāpōr, “camphor”).
Mayrhofer explains the anlaut-variation observed in the descendants by the Austronesian prefix-variation kar- : kam- : ka-.
Pronunciation[edit]
- (Johor-Selangor) IPA(key): /kapo(r)/
- (Riau-Lingga) IPA(key): /kapʊ(r)/
- Rhymes: -apo(r), -po(r), -o(r)
Noun[edit]
kapur
- lime (calcium oxide, quicklime)
Descendants[edit]
(taking Malay as representative for all Austronesian)
- → Medieval Latin: camphora
- → Byzantine Greek: καμφορά (kamphorá), κάμφορα (kámphora), κάμφρα (kámphra) (?), καφόρα (kaphóra), καμφούρα (kamphoúra)
- Catalan: càmfora
- → Middle High German: kampfer, gaffer
- → Finnish: kamferi
- Italian: canfora
- Old French: camphore, camphre
- → Old Polish: kampor
- Portuguese: cânfora
- → Serbo-Croatian:
- → Slovak: kamfor, gáfor
- → Slovene: kamfor
- Indonesian: kapur
- → Middle Persian: 𐭪𐭠𐭯𐭥𐭫 (kʾp̄wl /kāpūr/)
- → Arabic: كَافُور (kāfūr)
- → Aramaic:
- → Old Armenian: քափուր (kʿapʿur), կափուր (kapʿur)
- Armenian: քափուր (kʿapʿur)
- → Sanskrit: कर्पुर (karpura)
- → Pali: कप्पूर (kappūra)
- → Sogdian: ܟܦܐܘܪ (kpʾwr /kapūr/)
- → Korean: 캠퍼 (kaempeo)
- → Japanese: カンフル (kanfuru)
References[edit]
- Mayrhofer, Manfred (2001) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan] (in German), volume III, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 68
- Mayrhofer, Manfred (1956) Kurzgefasstes Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindischen [A Concise Etymological Sanskrit Dictionary] (in German), volume I, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 175
- Lokotsch, Karl (1927) Etymologisches Wörterbuch der europäischen Wörter orientalischen Ursprungs (in German), Heidelberg: Carl Winter’s Universitätsbuchhandlung, § 1100, page 88b