kapur

See also: Kapur

Malay

Etymology

From Proto-Austronesian *qapuR (“lime, calcium”). Possibly from the same source as Proto-Austronesian *qabu (“ash, cinder, powder”) ("lime" in some descendants). Cognate with Tagalog apog (“lime”), Bunun habu (“ash, powder, lime”), Tsou hapuyu (“lime”), Eastern Cham [script needed] (kapū).

Compare the Austroasiatic loanwords: Proto-Mon-Khmer *knpur (“lime”) (whence Khmer កំបោរ (kâmbaôr, “lime, quicklime; plaster”), Middle Mon gɔpøw (gapuiw, “lime”) > Mon ဂပဵု (həpɒ, “lime, stalked lime”), Vietnamese vôi (“lime”), Muong pôl (“lime”)), as well as Khmer កប៌ូរ (kāpōr, “camphor”).

Mayrhofer explains the anlaut-variation observed in the descendants by the Austronesian prefix-variation kar- : kam- : ka-.

Pronunciation

• (Johor-Selangor) IPA^(key): /kapo(r)/
• (Riau-Lingga) IPA^(key): /kapʊ(r)/
• Rhymes: -apo(r), -po(r), -o(r)

Noun

kapur

1. lime (calcium oxide, quicklime)

Descendants

(taking Malay as representative for all Austronesian)

• Medieval Latin: camphora
  • Byzantine Greek: καμφορά (kamphorá), κάμφορα (kámphora), κάμφρα (kámphra) (?), καφόρα (kaphóra), καμφούρα (kamphoúra)
    • Greek: καμφορά (kamforá), κάμφορα (kámfora)
      • Romanian: camfor
      • Russian: камфара́ (kamfará), ка́мфара (kámfara)
        • Belarusian: камфара́ (kamfará), ка́мфара (kámfara)
  • Catalan: càmfora
  • Middle High German: kampfer, gaffer
    • Czech: kafr
    • German: Kampfer / Campher
  • Finnish: kamferi
  • Hungarian: kámfor
  • Italian: canfora
  • Old French: camphore, camphre
    • English: camphor
    • French: camphre
    • Middle English: camphire, caumfre
      • English: camphire
  • Polish: kamfora, (Old Polish) kampor
    • Belarusian: камфо́ра (kamfóra), (Old Belarusian) камфоръ (kamforъ), (dialectal) кампор (kampor), кампора (kampora),
    • Russian: ка́мфора (kámfora)
      • Armenian: կամֆորա (kamfora)
  • Portuguese: cânfora
• Indonesian: kapur
• Middle Persian: kʾp̄wl (kāpūr)
  • Arabic: كافور (kāfūr)
    • Andalusian Arabic: [script needed] (alkafúr)
      • Spanish: alcanfor
        • Tagalog: alkampor
      • Portuguese: alcânfora
    • Byzantine Greek: καφουρά (kaphourá), καφούρα (kaphoúra)
      • Greek: καφουρά (kafourá)
    • Medieval Latin: caphura
    • Persian: کافور (kāfūr)
      • Middle Armenian: քաֆուր (kʿafur)
        • Armenian: քաֆուր (kʿafur)
    • Turkish: kâfur
  • Aramaic:
    • Classical Syriac: ܟܐܦܘܪ (kāp̄ūr)
    • Jewish Babylonian Aramaic: כאפור (kāp̄ūr)
  • Georgian: ქაფური (kapuri)
  • Old Armenian: քափուր (kʿapʿur), կափուր (kapʿur)
    • Armenian: քափուր (kʿapʿur)
• Sanskrit: कर्पुर (karpura)
  • Gujarati: કપૂર (kapūr)
  • Hindi: कपूर (kapūr)
  • Kannada: ಕರ್ಪೂರ (karpūra)
  • Malayalam: കര്‍പ്പൂരം (kar‍ppūraṃ)
  • Marathi: कापूर (kāpūr)
  • Nepali: कपुर (kapur)
  • Sinhalese: කපුරු (kapuru)
  • Tamil: கற்பூரம் (kaṟpūram)
  • Telugu: కర్పూరము (karpūramu)
• Pali: कप्पूर (kappūra)
• Sogdian: kpʾwr (kapūr)
• Korean: 캠퍼 (kaempeo)
• Japanese: カンフル (kanfuru)

References

• Mayrhofer, Manfred (2001) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen (in German), volume III, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 68
• Mayrhofer, Manfred (1956) Kurzgefasstes Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindischen [A Concise Etymological Sanskrit Dictionary] (in German), volume I, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 175
• Lokotsch, Karl (1927) Etymologisches Wörterbuch der europäischen Wörter orientalischen Ursprungs (in German), Heidelberg: Carl Winter’s Universitätsbuchhandlung, § 1100, page 88b