kern
English
Pronunciation
- Lua error in Module:parameters at line 290: Parameter 1 should be a valid language or etymology language code; the value "UK" is not valid. See WT:LOL and WT:LOL/E. IPA(key): /kɜːn/
- Rhymes: -ɜːɹn
Etymology 1
From Middle English curn, cooren, variant forms of Middle English corn, see English corn and also Dutch kern, Old High German kerno, cherno, Middle High German kerne, kern, German Kern (“core, kernel”),
Old Norse kjarni, Icelandic kjarni, Danish kjerne, Swedish kärna (“core, kernel”); see also kernel.
Alternative forms
Noun
kern (countable and uncountable, plural kerns)
- (obsolete or dialect) A corn; grain; kernel.
- (obsolete or dialect) The last handful or sheaf reaped at the harvest.
- (obsolete or dialect) The harvest home.
Derived terms
Related terms
Etymology 2
From (deprecated template usage) [etyl] French carne (“corner; projecting angle; quill of a pen”), from Latin cardinem (“hinge”)[1] or from Etymology 1. The verb is a back-formation from kerned, which is from the noun.
Alternative forms
Noun
kern (plural kerns)
- (hot metal printing, typography) Any part of a letter which extends into the space used by another letter.
- 1856, Independent Order of Odd Fellows, Odd Fellows' Literary Casket, Volumes 6-7, page 360,
- A few types have a portion of the face letter projecting over the body, as in the letter f ; this projection is called the kern, and in combination with other letters the projecting part generally extends over the next letter, as in fe. In those combinations, wherein the kern would come in contact with another letter, compound types are cast, as in the case of ff, fi, fl, ffi, ffl.
- 1856, Independent Order of Odd Fellows, Odd Fellows' Literary Casket, Volumes 6-7, page 360,
Verb
kern (third-person singular simple present kerns, present participle kerning, simple past and past participle kerned)
- (typography, chiefly proportional font printing) To adjust the horizontal space between selected pairs of letters (characters or glyphs); to perform such adjustments to a portion of text, according to preset rules.
- 2001, Constance J. Sidles, Graphic Designer's Digital Printing and PrePress Handbook, page 51,
- If you need to kern anything beyond the most commonly used pairs, you can use applications software such as Adobe PageMaker to customize pairs.
- 2001, Bill Camarda, Special Edition Using Microsoft Word 2002, page 122,
- Especially consider kerning if you are printing on a relatively high-resolution printer, such as a 600-dpi (dots per inch) laser printer.
- 2006, Tova Rabinowitz, Exploring Typography, page 320,
- Remember, the goal of kerning is to make letter pairs look natural, not necessarily to minimize letterspaces.
- 2008, Terry Rydberg, Exploring Adobe InDesign CS4, page 98,
- You should kern letter pairs when spacing between characters is too wide or too narrow.
- 2001, Constance J. Sidles, Graphic Designer's Digital Printing and PrePress Handbook, page 51,
Derived terms
Translations
Etymology 3
From Middle English kerne, from Middle Irish ceithern.
Alternative forms
Noun
kern (plural kerns)
- (archaic or historical) A light-armed foot soldier of the ancient militia of Ireland and Scotland; in archaic contexts often used as a term of contempt.
- c. 1599 William Shakespeare, The Life of Henry the Fifth, Act 3, Scene 7,
- O then belike she was old and gentle; and you rode like a kern of Ireland, your French hose off and in your strait strossers.
- 1908, Sabine Baring-Gould, Devonshire Characters and Strange Events: "Lusty" Stucley,
- There he entertained Shan O'Neil, a famous, turbulent chief from Ireland, who late in this year visited Elizabeth's Court, where his train of kerns and gallowglasses, clothed in linen kilts dyed with saffron, made a great impression.
- c. 1599 William Shakespeare, The Life of Henry the Fifth, Act 3, Scene 7,
- (obsolete) A boor; a low person.
- (Can we find and add a quotation of Blount to this entry?)
- (obsolete, UK, law) An idler; a vagabond.
- (Can we find and add a quotation of Wharton to this entry?)
Etymology 4
Noun
kern (plural kerns)
- Alternative form of quern
Etymology 5
Noun
kern (plural kerns)
- A churn.
References
Anagrams
Dutch
Etymology
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From Middle Dutch kerne, from Old Dutch *kerno, from Proto-Germanic *kernô.
Pronunciation
Noun
kern f (plural kernen, diminutive kerntje n)
- nucleus, core
- (physics) nucleus (of an atom)
- (physics, in compounds) nuclear
- (geology, astronomy) core (of the Earth, or any other celestial body)
- (mathematics) kernel (of a function)
- 1976, "Het eindexamen wiskunde II 1976", in Euclides. Maandblad voor de didactiek van de wiskunde. Orgaan van de Nederlandse Vereniging van Wiskundeleraren, vol. 52, issue 7, Wolters-Noordhoff, 274.
- Te bewijzen: er bestaat een k waarvoor beeldruimte en kern van Ak samenvallen.
- To be demonstrated: a k exists for which the image space and kernel of Ak coincide.
- Te bewijzen: er bestaat een k waarvoor beeldruimte en kern van Ak samenvallen.
- 2005, Centrum voor Wiskunde en Informatica, Vakantiecursus 2005. De schijf van vijf, 55.
- Hij kijkt dus of het ontvangen woord in de kern van de matrix zit.
- Therefore he checks whether the received word is contained in the matrix's kernel.
- Hij kijkt dus of het ontvangen woord in de kern van de matrix zit.
- 1976, "Het eindexamen wiskunde II 1976", in Euclides. Maandblad voor de didactiek van de wiskunde. Orgaan van de Nederlandse Vereniging van Wiskundeleraren, vol. 52, issue 7, Wolters-Noordhoff, 274.
- settlement, built-up area
Derived terms
Manx
Etymology
From Middle Irish ceithern (“band or troop of soldiers or fighting men”).
Noun
kern m (genitive singular kern, plural kernyn)
Synonyms
- (soldier, pawn): sidoor
Mutation
References
- Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “ceithern”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
- English 1-syllable words
- English terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:English/ɜːɹn
- English terms inherited from Middle English
- English terms derived from Middle English
- English lemmas
- English nouns
- English uncountable nouns
- English countable nouns
- English terms with obsolete senses
- English dialectal terms
- English terms derived from French
- en:Printing
- en:Typography
- English verbs
- English terms derived from Middle Irish
- English terms with archaic senses
- English terms with historical senses
- Requests for quotations/Blount
- British English
- en:Law
- Requests for quotations/Wharton
- en:People
- Dutch terms inherited from Middle Dutch
- Dutch terms derived from Middle Dutch
- Dutch terms inherited from Old Dutch
- Dutch terms derived from Old Dutch
- Dutch terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- Dutch terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Dutch terms with IPA pronunciation
- Dutch terms with audio links
- Rhymes:Dutch/ɛrn
- Dutch lemmas
- Dutch nouns
- Dutch nouns with plural in -en
- Dutch feminine nouns
- nl:Physics
- nl:Geology
- nl:Astronomy
- nl:Mathematics
- Manx terms inherited from Middle Irish
- Manx terms derived from Middle Irish
- Manx lemmas
- Manx nouns
- Manx masculine nouns
- gv:Military
- gv:Chess