kosta

See also: Kosta, kostā, and kostʹa

Esperanto

Etymology

Etymology tree

Esperanto kosto

Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂

Proto-Italic *-ā

Latin -ader.

▲

Latin -a

Italian -ader.

▲

Latin -a

Old Spanish -a

Spanish -ader.

Esperanto -a

Esperanto kosta

From kosto + -a.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈkosta/
• Rhymes: -osta
• Syllabification: kos‧ta

Adjective

kosta (accusative singular kostan, plural kostaj, accusative plural kostajn)

1. costly
   • 1888, L. L. Zamenhof, Aldono al la "Dua Libro de l’ Lingvo Internacia"‎^[1], page 16:

     Oni devas eldoni vortarojn returnitajn; ĉar estas jam eldonitaj vortaroj rektaj, la pretigado de vortaroj returnitaj estas laboro tre facila kaj malmulte kosta.

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

Further reading

• “kosta”, in Plena Ilustrita Vortaro de Esperanto [Complete Illustrated Dictionary of Esperanto], 2020, →ISBN
• “kosta”, in Reta Vortaro [Online Dictionary] (in Esperanto), 1997-2026

Faroese

Etymology

From Old Norse kosta, borrowed through Middle Low German from Latin constare, present infinitive of consto (“to stand firm (on price)”).

Verb

kosta (third person singular past indicative kostaði, third person plural past indicative kostaðu, supine kostað)

1. to cost

Conjugation

Conjugation of kosta (group v-30)

infinitive	kosta
supine	kostað
	present	past
first singular	kosti	kostaði
second singular	kostar	kostaði
third singular	kostar	kostaði
plural	kosta	kostaðu
participle (a6)1	kostandi	kostaður
	imperative
singular	kosta!
plural	kostið!

¹Only the past participle being declined.

Derived terms

• hvat kostar tað? (“how much is it?”)

Finnish

Verb

kosta

1. inflection of kostaa:
   1. present active indicative connegative
   2. second-person singular present imperative
   3. second-person singular present active imperative connegative

Anagrams

• katos, katso, kotsa, oksat, sakot, sokat, sotka

Guinea-Bissau Creole

Etymology

From Portuguese costas. Cognate with Kabuverdianu kósta.

Noun

kosta

1. back (the backside of the body)

Icelandic

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈkʰɔsta]

  Rhymes: -ɔsta

Etymology 1

Verb

kosta (weak verb, third-person singular past indicative kostaði, supine kostað)

1. to cost

   Þessi hálsfesti kostaði mikla peninga! ― This necklace cost a lot of money!

2. to finance, to bear the cost of

   Foreldrar mínir kostuðu námið mitt. ― My parents financed my education.

Conjugation

kosta – active voice (germynd)

infinitive nafnháttur		að kosta
supine sagnbót		kostað
present participle lýsingarháttur nútíðar		kostandi
		indicative framsöguháttur			subjunctive viðtengingarháttur
		present nútíð	past þátíð		present nútíð	past þátíð
singular	ég	kosta	kostaði		kosti	kostaði
	þú	kostar	kostaðir		kostir	kostaðir
	hann, hún, það	kostar	kostaði		kosti	kostaði
plural	við	kostum	kostuðum		kostum	kostuðum
	þið	kostið	kostuðuð		kostið	kostuðuð
	þeir, þær, þau	kosta	kostuðu		kosti	kostuðu
		imperative boðháttur
singular	þú	kosta (þú), kostaðu
plural	þið	kostið (þið), kostiði1

¹ Spoken form, usually not written; in writing, the unappended plural form (optionally followed by the full pronoun) is preferred.

kostast – mediopassive voice (miðmynd)

infinitive nafnháttur		að kostast
supine sagnbót		kostast
present participle lýsingarháttur nútíðar		kostandist (rare; see appendix)
		indicative framsöguháttur			subjunctive viðtengingarháttur
		present nútíð	past þátíð		present nútíð	past þátíð
singular	ég	kostast	kostaðist		kostist	kostaðist
	þú	kostast	kostaðist		kostist	kostaðist
	hann, hún, það	kostast	kostaðist		kostist	kostaðist
plural	við	kostumst	kostuðumst		kostumst	kostuðumst
	þið	kostist	kostuðust		kostist	kostuðust
	þeir, þær, þau	kostast	kostuðust		kostist	kostuðust
		imperative boðháttur
singular	þú	kostast (þú), kostastu
plural	þið	kostist (þið), kostisti1

¹ Spoken form, usually not written; in writing, the unappended plural form (optionally followed by the full pronoun) is preferred.

kostaður — past participle (lýsingarháttur þátíðar)

strong declension (sterk beyging)	singular (eintala)			plural (fleirtala)
	masculine (karlkyn)	feminine (kvenkyn)	neuter (hvorugkyn)	masculine (karlkyn)	feminine (kvenkyn)	neuter (hvorugkyn)
nominative (nefnifall)	kostaður	kostuð	kostað	kostaðir	kostaðar	kostuð
accusative (þolfall)	kostaðan	kostaða	kostað	kostaða	kostaðar	kostuð
dative (þágufall)	kostuðum	kostaðri	kostuðu	kostuðum	kostuðum	kostuðum
genitive (eignarfall)	kostaðs	kostaðrar	kostaðs	kostaðra	kostaðra	kostaðra
weak declension (veik beyging)	singular (eintala)			plural (fleirtala)
	masculine (karlkyn)	feminine (kvenkyn)	neuter (hvorugkyn)	masculine (karlkyn)	feminine (kvenkyn)	neuter (hvorugkyn)
nominative (nefnifall)	kostaði	kostaða	kostaða	kostuðu	kostuðu	kostuðu
accusative (þolfall)	kostaða	kostuðu	kostaða	kostuðu	kostuðu	kostuðu
dative (þágufall)	kostaða	kostuðu	kostaða	kostuðu	kostuðu	kostuðu
genitive (eignarfall)	kostaða	kostuðu	kostaða	kostuðu	kostuðu	kostuðu

Etymology 2

Noun

kosta

1. indefinite genitive plural of kostur

Latvian

Participle

kosta

1. inflection of kosts:
   1. genitive singular masculine
   2. nominative singular feminine

Norwegian Bokmål

Alternative forms

• kostet

Verb

kosta

1. inflection of koste:
   1. simple past
   2. past participle

Norwegian Nynorsk

Alternative forms

• koste
• køste (to cost, Telemark, eye dialect)
• kåst (to cost, eye dialect spelling with apocope)

Etymology 1

From Old Norse kosta, from Middle Low German [Term?], from Latin constare.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /²kɔstɑ/

Verb

kosta (present tense kostar, past tense kosta, past participle kosta, passive infinitive kostast, present participle kostande, imperative kosta/kost)

1. to cost (require payment of a price, cause something to be lost)

Usage notes

The verb is used together with lite (“little”) or mykje (“a lot”). Combinations like kosta dyrt (literally, “to cost dear”) or kosta billeg (literally, “to cost cheap”) are rare.

Etymology 2

From the noun kost.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /²kʊstɑ/

Verb

kosta (present tense kostar, past tense kosta, past participle kosta, passive infinitive kostast, present participle kostande, imperative kosta/kost)

1. to sweep (clean with a broom)

References

• “kosta” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

Old Norse

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *kustōną (“to try, taste”), from *kustuz, whence also Old Norse kostr.

Verb

kosta

1. to try [with genitive]
2. (with infinitive) to exert oneself, strive
3. (impersonal) to injure, to hurt [with accusative ‘someone’ and accusative ‘in some body part’] (idiomatically translated as "injure/hurt" or "be injured in" with the animate accusative object as the subject)

   þat fall var svá mikit, at kostaði lærlegg hans

   the fall was so great, that he injured his thigh-bone

4. to cost [with accusative ‘someone’ and accusative ‘something’]
5. (impersonal) to cost [with accusative ‘someone’, along with accusative ‘something’, along with genitive or accusative ‘some amount of money’] (idiomatically translated as "cost" with the inanimate accusative object as the subject, i.e. "something costs someone some amount of money")
6. to defray the expenses of

Conjugation

Conjugation of kosta — active (weak class 2)

infinitive	kosta
present participle	kostandi
past participle	kostaðr
	indicative			subjunctive
	present	past		present	past
1st person singular	kosta	kostaða		kosta	kostaða
2nd person singular	kostar	kostaðir		kostir	kostaðir
3rd person singular	kostar	kostaði		kosti	kostaði
1st person plural	kostum	kostuðum		kostim	kostaðim
2nd person plural	kostið	kostuðuð		kostið	kostaðið
3rd person plural	kosta	kostuðu		kosti	kostaði
imperative	present
2nd person singular	kosta
1st person plural	kostum
2nd person plural	kostið

Conjugation of kosta — mediopassive (weak class 2)

infinitive	kostask
present participle	kostandisk
past participle	kostazk
	indicative			subjunctive
	present	past		present	past
1st person singular	kostumk	kostuðumk		kostumk	kostuðumk
2nd person singular	kostask	kostaðisk		kostisk	kostaðisk
3rd person singular	kostask	kostaðisk		kostisk	kostaðisk
1st person plural	kostumsk	kostuðumsk		kostimsk	kostaðimsk
2nd person plural	kostizk	kostuðuzk		kostizk	kostaðizk
3rd person plural	kostask	kostuðusk		kostisk	kostaðisk
imperative	present
2nd person singular	kostask
1st person plural	kostumsk
2nd person plural	kostizk

Related terms

• kostnaðr
• kostr

Descendants

• Icelandic: kosta
• Faroese: kosta
• Norwegian Nynorsk: kosta
• Swedish: kosta
• Danish: koste
  • Norwegian Bokmål: koste

Further reading

• Zoëga, Geir T. (1910), “kosta”, in A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press; also available at the Internet Archive

Swedish

Etymology

From Old Norse kosta, from Middle Low German [Term?], from Latin constare.

Pronunciation

• Audio:

  (file)

Verb

kosta (present kostar, preterite kostade, supine kostat, imperative kosta)

1. to cost

Conjugation

Conjugation of kosta (weak)

	active		passive
infinitive	kosta		—
supine	kostat		—
imperative	kosta		—
imper. plural1	kosten		—
	present	past	present	past
indicative	kostar	kostade	—	—
ind. plural1	kosta	kostade	—	—
subjunctive2	koste	kostade	—	—
present participle		kostande
past participle		—

¹ Archaic. ² Dated. See the appendix on Swedish verbs.

Derived terms

• kosta på
• kosta skjortan

Related terms

• kostnad

References

• “kosta”, in Svenska Akademiens ordlista [Wordlist of the Swedish Academy] (in Swedish)
• “kosta”, in Svenska Akademiens ordbok [Dictionary of the Swedish Academy] (in Swedish)

Anagrams

• kotas, tokas

Tagalog

Etymology

Borrowed from Spanish costa, from Galician costa or Catalan costa.

Pronunciation

• (Standard Tagalog) IPA^(key): /ˈkosta/ [ˈk̠os.t̪ɐ]
• Rhymes: -osta
• Syllabification: kos‧ta

Noun

kosta (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜓᜐ᜔ᜆ)

1. shore; coast

   Synonyms: baybay, baybay-dagat, baybayin, baybayin-dagat, pasigan, dalampasigan, hampasang-alon, pampang, kosto

2. cost; expenses

   Synonyms: gastos, gugol, kosto, kostas

Derived terms

• dagang-kosta
• mayang-kosta

Related terms

• guwardakosta
• interkostal
• kostado

Anagrams

• sakto