kost
Cornish
[edit]Noun
[edit]kost m (plural kostys or kostow)
Derived terms
[edit]- heb kost (“free of charge”)
- kostow arghantti (“bank charges”)
- kostow mentons (“maintenance charges”)
- kusulyades kost (“(female) quantity surveyor”)
- kusulyas kost (“(male) quantity surveyor”)
Noun
[edit]kost m (plural kostys)
Mutation
[edit]Cornish consonant mutation | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
unmutated | soft | aspirate | hard | mixed | mixed after 'th |
kost | gost | host | unchanged | unchanged | unchanged |
Czech
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Inherited from Old Czech kost, from Proto-Slavic *kostь, from Proto-Indo-European *kost-, compare *h₃ost-.
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]kost f
- bone (any of the components of an endoskeleton, made of bone)
- (colloquial) girl, woman
Declension
[edit]Derived terms
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- “kost”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935-1957
- “kost”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
- “kost”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech)
Danish
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]From Old Norse kostr, from Middle Low German kost, koste, German Kosten, borrowed from Medieval Latin costa, which is derived from the verb constare.
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]kost c (singular definite kosten, not used in plural form)
- food (any substance consumed by living organisms to sustain life)
- diet (food a person or animal consumes, habitual consumption)
- board (regular meals or the amount paid for them in a place of lodging)
Etymology 2
[edit]From Old Danish kwast, kwost, kost, from Old Norse *kvǫstr, from Proto-Germanic *kwastuz. Doublet of kvast ("tassel"), related to Swedish kvast, German Quaste (“tassel”), and Dutch kwast.
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]kost c (singular definite kosten, plural indefinite koste)
Inflection
[edit]Dutch
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]From Middle Dutch cost, from Old French cost.
Noun
[edit]kost m (plural kosten, diminutive kostje n)
- cost, price
- (in the plural) expenses
- (used absolutely, with definite article) board, livelihood, meals and lodgings
- food, nourishment
Derived terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]Etymology 2
[edit]See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Verb
[edit]kost
- inflection of kosten:
Anagrams
[edit]German
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]kost
- inflection of kosen:
Hungarian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]kost
Icelandic
[edit]Noun
[edit]kost
Latvian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From *kansti, from Proto-Baltic *kond-t(e)i, from an ablauted form *kond- of Proto-Indo-European *ken- (“to rub, to scratch, to scrape”) (whence also kniest (“to itch”), q.v.) with an extra -d. Cognates include Lithuanian ką́sti, Proto-Slavic *kǫsъ (Old Church Slavonic кѫсъ (kǫsŭ), Russian кус (kus, “mouthful”), кусать (kusatʹ, “to bite, to sting”), Bulgarian къ́сам (kǎ́sam, “to bite, to sting”), Czech kousati, Polish kąsać (“to bite, to sting”)), Sanskrit खादति (khā́dati, “to bite, to eat”), Ancient Greek κνώδοντες (knṓdontes, “metal teeth on sword”).[1]
Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]kost (transitive, 1st conjugation, present kožu, kod, kož, past kodu)
- to bite, to take a bite (to use one's teeth to press, to cut off a piece of something)
- kost maizes kumosu ― to bite (off) a mouthful of bread
- kost riekstu ― to bite a nut, to break its shell with one's teeth
- kost auklu, diegu ar zobiem ― to bite (= cut) a string, a cord with (one's) teeth
- desu koda, Pāvils no viena gala, Roberts no otra ― they bit the sausage, Pāvils from one end, Roberts from the other
- Baiba kož maizi pa mazam gabaliņam, lai ilgāk pietiktu ― Baiba bites the bread in small bites, so that it lasts longer
- smeikli kaklu nelauzīs, bez zobiem riekstu nekodīs ― laughter won't break (one's) neck, without teeth (one) won't bite (= break open) a nut
- to bite in (to press, to sink one's teeth into something)
- kost tomātā, ābolā ― to bite (in) a tomato, an apple
- Andris kāri kož biezajā sviestmaizē ― Andris bit (in) the thick sandwich with appetite
- to bite, to chew (to reduce (usually food) to pieces with one's teeth)
- Julcīte savu cukura gabaliņu iemet mutē un kož kraukšķinādama un tīksminādamās ― Julcīte threw her sugar cube into (her) mouth and bit, chewed, crunching and enjoying it
- kaza kož lapas ar saviem asajiem zobiem ― the goat is biting, chewing leaves with its sharp teeth
- (colloquial) to eat a little, to have a bite
- viņa no rīta nav kumosu kodusi ― she hasn't had a bite (= anything to eat) since morning
- to bite (to be able to bite; to sink one's teeth into something in order to hurt or kill; (of insects) to sting)
- čūska kož ― the snake bites
- svešs zvērs var pēkšņi kost ― a strange animal may suddenly bite
- vilks koda avis ― the wolf bit the sheep
- kostas brūces ― bitten wounds (i.e., wounds from bites)
- odi, blusas, dunduris kož ― mosquitoes, fleas, horseflies bite
- mušas koda kā trakas ― the flies bit like crazy
- visu nedēļu dunduri koduši miesu ― all week the horseflies have been biting (our) flesh
- (figuratively, of hard, sharp objects) to cause sudden sharp pain
- vajadzēs tev savaldīties: ganu rīkstes kož ― you will have to be careful: the shepherd's rod bites (= hurts)
- (figuratively, of words, thoughts) to cause sudden discomfort
- visvairāk kremt un kož tā aušīgā iedoma ― that flighty whim gnaws and bites most of all
- (of cold or hot weather) to bite (to freeze or heat so much that they no longer grow)
- salnas kosta bērza lapa, ziedus ― the frosts bit the birch leaves, the flowers
- saulstaru kosta zāle ― sun(rays)-bitten grass
- (of time, rust) to damage or destroy slowly
- rūsa nespēj kost ― rust won't be able to bite it
- laika kostais kuršu zobens ― time-bitten (worn-out) Curonian sword
- to bite (to cause a sore, burning sensation)
- sinepes kož mēlē ― must bites the tongue
- dūmi sāka kost acīs un kaklā ― the smoke started biting in the eyes and throat
- sviedri ritēja pāri pierei un koda acīs ― the sweat ran past (his) forehead and bit in (his) eyes
- laukā asi koda sals ― outside, the frost bit sharp
- vaigos kož sals, un sniegs jautri gurkst zem zābaku zolēm ― the frost bit in the cheeks, and the snow crunched under the boot soles
- rupji krekli kož ādā ― coarse shirts bite the skin
- (of bright lights, colors) to bite (to cause a feeling of pain in the eyes)
- lielās dzīvsudraba spuldzes ir tik spilgtas, ka kož acīs ― the large mercury lamps are so bright that they bite in the eyes
- lakats bija jauns un košs, par daudz košs, koda acīs ― the scarf was new and bright, too bright: it bit in the eyes
- (of tools, blades) to be sharp when in use, to cut well
- zāģis koda labi ― the saw bit (= cut) well
- jūsu gudrība ka truls nazis: spīdēt spīd, bet nekož ― your wisdom (is) like a dull knife: it does shine, but it doesn't bite (= doesn't cut)
- to bite (to press one's teeth, usually expressing tension)
- kost zobus lūpā ― to bite (lit. to bite one's teeth) in(to) one's lip
- meitene koda lūpā, līdz tā kļuva balta ― the girl bit her lip until it became white
- to bite (to make something, usually a gap, hole, etc., with one's teeth)
- Kains gurķa auglī dižu robu kodīs ― Kains will bite a big hole in the cucumber plant
Conjugation
[edit]INDICATIVE (īstenības izteiksme) | IMPERATIVE (pavēles izteiksme) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Present (tagadne) |
Past (pagātne) |
Future (nākotne) | |||
1st pers. sg. | es | kožu | kodu | kodīšu | — |
2nd pers. sg. | tu | kod | kodi | kodīsi | kod |
3rd pers. sg. | viņš, viņa | kož | koda | kodīs | lai kož |
1st pers. pl. | mēs | kožam | kodām | kodīsim | kodīsim |
2nd pers. pl. | jūs | kožat | kodāt | kodīsiet, kodīsit |
kodiet |
3rd pers. pl. | viņi, viņas | kož | koda | kodīs | lai kož |
RENARRATIVE (atstāstījuma izteiksme) | PARTICIPLES (divdabji) | ||||
Present | kožot | Present Active 1 (Adj.) | kodošs | ||
Past | esot kodis | Present Active 2 (Adv.) | kozdams | ||
Future | kodīšot | Present Active 3 (Adv.) | kožot | ||
Imperative | lai kožot | Present Active 4 (Obj.) | kožam | ||
CONDITIONAL (vēlējuma izteiksme) | Past Active | kodis | |||
Present | kostu | Present Passive | kožams | ||
Past | būtu kodis | Past Passive | kosts | ||
DEBITIVE (vajadzības izteiksme) | NOMINAL FORMS | ||||
Indicative | (būt) jākož | Infinitive (nenoteiksme) | kost | ||
Conjunctive 1 | esot jākož | Negative Infinitive | nekost | ||
Conjunctive 2 | jākožot | Verbal noun | košana |
Derived terms
[edit]- prefixed verbs:
- other derived terms:
Related terms
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Karulis, Konstantīns (1992) “kost”, in Latviešu Etimoloģijas Vārdnīca (in Latvian), Rīga: AVOTS, →ISBN
Mòcheno
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Middle High German kost, koste, from Medieval Latin costa, from Latin cōnstō. Cognate with German Kost.
Noun
[edit]kost f
- dish (specific type of food)
References
[edit]- “kost” in Cimbrian, Ladin, Mòcheno: Getting to know 3 peoples. 2015. Servizio minoranze linguistiche locali della Provincia autonoma di Trento, Trento, Italy.
Norwegian Bokmål
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]Noun
[edit]kost m (definite singular kosten, indefinite plural koster, definite plural kostene)
Derived terms
[edit]Related terms
[edit]Etymology 2
[edit]Noun
[edit]kost m (definite singular kosten, uncountable)
Derived terms
[edit]Etymology 3
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Verb
[edit]kost
- past participle of kose
- imperative of koste
References
[edit]- “kost” in The Bokmål Dictionary.
Norwegian Nynorsk
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]kost m (definite singular kosten, indefinite plural kostar, definite plural kostane)
Derived terms
[edit]Etymology 2
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]kost m (definite singular kosten, uncountable)
Etymology 3
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Participle
[edit]kost
- past participle of kosa
Etymology 4
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]kost
- imperative of kosta
Etymology 5
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]kost
- imperative of kosta
References
[edit]- “kost” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.
Old Czech
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Inherited from Proto-Slavic *kostь, from Proto-Indo-European *kost-, compare *h₃ost-.
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]kost f
Declension
[edit]singular | dual | plural | |
---|---|---|---|
nominative | kost | kosti | kosti |
genitive | kosti | kosťú | kostí |
dative | kosti | kostma | kostem |
accusative | kost | kosti | kosti |
vocative | kosti | kosti | kosti |
locative | kosti | kosťú | kostech |
instrumental | kosťú | kostma | kostmi |
See also Appendix:Old Czech nouns and Appendix:Old Czech pronunciation.
Descendants
[edit]- Czech: kost
Further reading
[edit]- Jan Gebauer (1903–1916) “kost”, in Slovník staročeský (in Czech), Prague: Česká grafická společnost "unie", Česká akademie císaře Františka Josefa pro vědy, slovesnost a umění
Serbo-Croatian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Inherited from Proto-Slavic *kostь, from Proto-Indo-European *kost-, compare *h₃ost-.
Noun
[edit]kȏst f (Cyrillic spelling ко̑ст)
Declension
[edit]Derived terms
[edit]References
[edit]- Pero Budmani, editor (1898–1903), “kȏst”, in Rječnik hrvatskoga ili srpskoga jezika[1] (in Serbo-Croatian), volume 5, Zagreb: JAZU, page 368
Slavomolisano
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Serbo-Croatian kost.
Noun
[edit]kost m
Declension
[edit]References
[edit]- Antonietta Marra (2012), “Contact phenomena in the Slavic of Molise: some remarks about nouns and prepositional phrases” in Morphologies in Contact.
Slovene
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Slavic *kostь.
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]kọ̑st f
Inflection
[edit]Feminine, i-stem, long mixed accent | |||
---|---|---|---|
nom. sing. | kóst | ||
gen. sing. | kostí | ||
singular | dual | plural | |
nominative (imenovȃlnik) |
kóst | kostí | kostí |
genitive (rodȋlnik) |
kostí | kostí | kostí |
dative (dajȃlnik) |
kôsti | kostéma | kostém |
accusative (tožȋlnik) |
kóst | kostí | kostí |
locative (mẹ̑stnik) |
kôsti | kostéh | kostéh |
instrumental (orọ̑dnik) |
kostjó | kostéma | kostmí |
Further reading
[edit]- “kost”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU, portal Fran
Swedish
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Old Norse kostr, from Middle Low German kost, koste.
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]kost c
- diet, food (The food and beverage a person or animal habitually consumes, or food more generally)
- kost och logi
- food and accommodation
Declension
[edit]Declension of kost | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Uncountable | ||||
Indefinite | Definite | |||
Nominative | kost | kosten | — | — |
Genitive | kosts | kostens | — | — |
See also
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- kost in Svensk ordbok.
- kost in Reverso Context (Swedish-English)
Anagrams
[edit]- Latvian etymologies from LEV
- Cornish lemmas
- Cornish nouns
- Cornish masculine nouns
- Czech terms inherited from Old Czech
- Czech terms derived from Old Czech
- Czech terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
- Czech terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Czech terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Czech terms with IPA pronunciation
- Czech terms with audio links
- Rhymes:Czech/ost
- Rhymes:Czech/ost/1 syllable
- Czech lemmas
- Czech nouns
- Czech feminine nouns
- Czech colloquialisms
- Czech i-stem feminine nouns
- cs:Bones
- cs:Female people
- Danish terms derived from Old Norse
- Danish terms derived from Middle Low German
- Danish terms derived from German
- Danish terms borrowed from Medieval Latin
- Danish terms derived from Medieval Latin
- Danish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Danish lemmas
- Danish nouns
- Danish common-gender nouns
- Danish terms derived from Old Danish
- Danish terms inherited from Old Norse
- Danish terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- Danish terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Danish doublets
- Dutch terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Dutch/ɔst
- Rhymes:Dutch/ɔst/1 syllable
- Dutch terms inherited from Middle Dutch
- Dutch terms derived from Middle Dutch
- Dutch terms derived from Old French
- Dutch lemmas
- Dutch nouns
- Dutch nouns with plural in -en
- Dutch masculine nouns
- Dutch non-lemma forms
- Dutch verb forms
- German 1-syllable words
- German terms with IPA pronunciation
- German terms with audio links
- German non-lemma forms
- German verb forms
- Hungarian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Hungarian/oʃt
- Rhymes:Hungarian/oʃt/1 syllable
- Hungarian non-lemma forms
- Hungarian noun forms
- Icelandic non-lemma forms
- Icelandic noun forms
- Latvian terms derived from Proto-Baltic
- Latvian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Latvian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Latvian words with broken intonation
- Latvian terms with audio links
- Latvian transitive verbs
- Latvian lemmas
- Latvian verbs
- Latvian terms with usage examples
- Latvian colloquialisms
- Latvian first conjugation verbs
- Latvian first conjugation verbs in -t
- Latvian ž/d type first conjugation verbs
- Latvian first conjugation verbs in -zt or -st
- Mòcheno terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Mòcheno terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *steh₂-
- Mòcheno terms inherited from Middle High German
- Mòcheno terms derived from Middle High German
- Mòcheno terms derived from Medieval Latin
- Mòcheno terms derived from Latin
- Mòcheno lemmas
- Mòcheno nouns
- Mòcheno feminine nouns
- mhn:Food and drink
- Norwegian Bokmål lemmas
- Norwegian Bokmål nouns
- Norwegian Bokmål masculine nouns
- Norwegian Bokmål terms derived from Old Norse
- Norwegian Bokmål non-lemma forms
- Norwegian Bokmål verb forms
- Norwegian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Norwegian Nynorsk lemmas
- Norwegian Nynorsk nouns
- Norwegian Nynorsk masculine nouns
- Norwegian Nynorsk terms derived from Old Norse
- Norwegian Nynorsk non-lemma forms
- Norwegian Nynorsk past participles
- Norwegian Nynorsk verb forms
- Old Czech terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
- Old Czech terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Old Czech terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Old Czech terms with IPA pronunciation
- Old Czech lemmas
- Old Czech nouns
- Old Czech feminine nouns
- Old Czech nouns with actual gender different from declined gender
- Old Czech feminine i-stem nouns
- zlw-ocs:Bones
- Serbo-Croatian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
- Serbo-Croatian terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Serbo-Croatian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Serbo-Croatian lemmas
- Serbo-Croatian nouns
- Serbo-Croatian feminine nouns
- sh:Skeleton
- Slavomolisano terms inherited from Serbo-Croatian
- Slavomolisano terms derived from Serbo-Croatian
- Slavomolisano lemmas
- Slavomolisano nouns
- Slavomolisano masculine nouns
- Slovene terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
- Slovene terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Slovene 1-syllable words
- Slovene terms with IPA pronunciation
- Slovene lemmas
- Slovene nouns
- Slovene feminine nouns
- Slovene feminine i-stem nouns
- Slovene feminine i-stem nouns with long mixed accent
- sl:Skeleton
- Swedish terms derived from Old Norse
- Swedish terms derived from Middle Low German
- Swedish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Swedish terms with audio links
- Rhymes:Swedish/ɔst
- Rhymes:Swedish/ɔst/1 syllable
- Swedish lemmas
- Swedish nouns
- Swedish common-gender nouns
- Swedish terms with usage examples
- sv:Food and drink