phalanx

See also: Phalanx

English

WOTD – 4 December 2015

Bones of the hand: carpals, metacarpals and phalanges

Etymology

From Ancient Greek φάλαγξ (phálanx, “battle order, array”). Doublet of plank.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈfeɪlæŋks/
• Hyphenation: pha‧lanx

• Audio (US)

  (file)

Noun

phalanx (plural phalanxes or phalanges)

1. (historical, plural phalanxes) An ancient Greek and Macedonian military unit that consisted of several ranks and files (lines) of soldiers in close array with joined shields and long spears.
2. (historical sociology) A Fourierite utopian community; a phalanstery.
3. (plural phalanxes) A large group of people, animals or things, compact or closely massed, or tightly knit and united in common purpose.
   • 2007 April 25, Hélène Mulholland, “Blair refuses to condemn FoI bill”, in The Guardian‎^[1], London, archived from the original on 3 October 2014:

     The Guardian today listed a phalanx of ministers who back the bill, including Tessa Jowell, the culture secretary, Tony McNulty, the policing minister, Andy Burnham, the junior health minister, Ian Pearson, the climate change minister, John Healey, the financial secretary to the Treasury, and Keith Hill, parliamentary private secretary to Tony Blair.

   • 2007 May 6, Sean O'Hagan, “The day I thought would never come: This week, Ian Paisley and Martin McGuinness will astonish those who experienced the Troubles”, in The Guardian‎^[2], London, archived from the original on 3 October 2014:

     There, the Paisleyites were being held back by another phalanx of soldiers and policemen.

4. (anatomy, plural phalanges) One of the bones of the finger or toe.

Synonyms

• (anatomy, bone of the finger or toe): phalange

Hyponyms

• (bone of the finger): distal phalanx, intermediate phalanx, proximal phalanx

Translations

ancient Greek military unit

• Armenian: փաղանգ (hy) (pʿałang)
• Belarusian: фаланга f (falánha)
• Catalan: falange (ca) f
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 方陣 (zh), 方阵 (zh) (fāngzhèn)

• Czech: falanga f
• Danish: falanks c
• Dutch: falanx (nl)
• Esperanto: falango
• Finnish: falangi (fi)
• French: phalange (fr) f
• German: Phalanx (de) f
• Greek: φάλαγγα (el) f (fálanga)

  Ancient: φάλαγξ f (phálanx)

• Icelandic: kjúka (is) f

• Irish: falang m
• Italian: falange (it) f
• Japanese: ファランクス (farankusu)
• Macedonian: фаланга f (falánga)
• Polish: falanga (pl) f
• Portuguese: falange (pt) f
• Romanian: falangă (ro) f
• Russian: фала́нга (ru) f (falánga)
• Serbo-Croatian:

  Cyrillic: фаланга f

  Roman: falanga (sh) f

• Slovene: falanga f
• Swedish: falang (sv) c
• Ukrainian: фаланга (uk) f (falánha)

finger or toe bone

• Arabic: سُلَامَى‎‎ m (sulāmā), سُلَامِيَّة‎‎ f (sulāmiyya)
• Armenian: մատնահատված (matnahatvac)
• Belarusian: фаланга f (falánha)
• Bulgarian: фаланга (bg) f (falánga)
• Catalan: falange (ca) f
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 指骨 (zh) (zhǐgǔ), (toe bone) 趾骨 (zhǐgǔ)

• Czech: článek prstu m
• Danish: falanks c
• Esperanto: falango
• Finnish: varpaanluu (toe), sormiluu (fi) (finger)
• French: phalange (fr) f
• German: Fingerglied n, (toe bone) Zehenglied n
• Greek: φάλαγγα (el) f (fálanga)
• Hebrew: גָּלִיל‎‎ (he) m (galíl)
• Icelandic: kjúka (is) f

• Italian: falange (it) f
• Japanese: 指骨 (しこつ, shikotsu), (toe bone) 趾骨 (しこつ, shikotsu)
• Macedonian: фаланга f (falánga)
• Malay: falanks
• Polish: paliczek (pl) m
• Portuguese: falange (pt) f
• Romanian: falangă (ro) f
• Russian: фала́нга (ru) f (falánga), суста́в па́льца m (sustáv pálʹca)
• Serbo-Croatian:

  Cyrillic: фаланга f

  Roman: falanga (sh) f

• Slovak: článok prstu m
• Spanish: falange (es) f
• Swedish: falang (sv) c
• Ukrainian: фаланга (uk) f (falánha)
• Volapük: (finger) doatabomil, (toe) teanabomil

large group of animals, plants, or people

• Italian: orda (it) f

large group of people

• Catalan: falange (ca) f
• Finnish: falangi (fi)
• Greek: φάλαγγα (el) f (fálanga)
• Italian: orda (it) f
• Macedonian: фаланга f (falánga)

• Russian: фала́нга (ru) f (falánga)
• Serbo-Croatian:

  Cyrillic: фаланга f

  Roman: falanga (sh) f

---

Latin

Alternative forms

• falanx (later form)

Etymology

From Ancient Greek φάλαγξ (phálanx). Compare Latin phalanga.

Pronunciation

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈpʰa.lanks/, [ˈpʰa.ɫaŋks]

Noun

phalanx f (genitive phalangis); third declension

1. phalanx, battalion

Inflection

Third declension.

Case	Singular	Plural
nominative	phalanx	phalangēs
genitive	phalangis	phalangum
dative	phalangī	phalangibus
accusative	phalangem	phalangēs
ablative	phalange	phalangibus
vocative	phalanx	phalangēs

References

• phalanx in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• phalanx in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• phalanx in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire Illustré Latin-Français, Hachette
• Carl Meissner; Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎^[3], London: Macmillan and Co.
  • to form a phalanx: phalangem facere (B. G. 1. 24)
    
  • to break through the phalanx: phalangem perfringere
    
• phalanx in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898) Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
• phalanx in William Smith et al., editor (1890) A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, London: William Wayte. G. E. Marindin