spodrs

Latvian

Etymology

From the same source as spīdēt (“to shine”) (q.v.): a stem *spīd-, probably borrowed from Iranian, nasalized in Baltic to *spīnd-; its ablaut alternants *spend-, *spand- yielded *spuod-, hence dialectal spods and, with an extra r, standard spodrs. (From a yo-stem variant came Latvian spožs (“bright”), q.v.).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [spuôdɾs]

Adjective

spodrs (definite spodrais, comparative spodrāks, superlative visspodrākais, adverb spodri)

1. shiny, lustrous, glossy, bright (such that its surface, because of smoothness, color or cleanness, reflects light well)

   spodras logu rūtis ― shiny window panes

   spodras palodzes ― shiny, lustrous windowsills

   spodrs papīrs ― glossy paper

   spodras tapetes ― glossy wallpaper

   ar eļļas krāsu krāsotas grīdas pēc nomazgāšanas var pārklāt ar caurspīdīgu laku; tāda grīda ir ļoti spodra ― floors painted with oil paint can be covered with transparent lacquer after washing; such floor(s) are very shiny

2. perfectly, spotlessly clean

   spodra veļa ― spotless linen

   spodra virtuve ― spotless kitchen

   spodrs krekls ― spotless shirt

   spodri trauki ― spotless dishes

   uz vadža karājas spodrs dvielis, bļodā ieliets ūdens ― on the pegs a clean towel was hanging, in the basin water had been poured

3. cleanly, tidily, smartly dressed

   pēc skata vīrs rādījās aprūpēts un apkopts, spodrs un kārtīgs ― externally, the man looked well groomed and well kept, clean and tidy

4. (figuratively) shining; which corresponds to high expectations

   bet vai spodru tautas tikumu, / veidojies kas ilgi cilšu ciltīs, / tikpat viegli pārkāpt, atmest var? ― but can one so easily disrespect or even abandon the shining folk traditions, / which formed themselves during a long time, in tribes of tribes (= among the tribes)?

5. (of lights, light sources; also eyes) relatively bright

   auksta un nežēlīgi spodra ir mēnesnīca; viss apklusis un aizsnidzis ― cold and cruelly bright is the moonlight; everything (was) silent and covered with snow

   tēvs raudzījās klusi tai pašā vientuļajā zvaigznīte, kas ar katru acumirkli kļuva spodrāka un spožāka ― father looked silently at that same solitary little star that, with every passing moment, became lighter and brighter

   viņa pasmaidīja, tīrām, spodrām acīm skatīdamās ― she smiled, looking with (her) clean, bright eyes

6. (of places, times, areas) relatively bright; such that relatively bright light spreads in it

   saule patlaban norietēja, un pie spodrajām vakara debesīm iedegās pirmās zvaigznes ― the sun was now setting, and on the bright evening sky the first stars lit up

7. (of sounds) bright, sonorous

   kora skanīgums gan dažkārt ir dzirdēts spodrāks un skaidrāks izstrādājumā ― the sonorousness of the choir is sometimes heard brighter and clearer in (= during) its realization

Declension

indefinite declension (nenoteiktā galotne) of spodrs

	masculine (vīriešu dzimte)			feminine (sieviešu dzimte)
	singular (vienskaitlis)	plural (daudzskaitlis)		singular (vienskaitlis)	plural (daudzskaitlis)
nominative (nominatīvs)	spodrs	spodri		spodra	spodras
accusative (akuzatīvs)	spodru	spodrus		spodru	spodras
genitive (ģenitīvs)	spodra	spodru		spodras	spodru
dative (datīvs)	spodram	spodriem		spodrai	spodrām
instrumental (instrumentālis)	spodru	spodriem		spodru	spodrām
locative (lokatīvs)	spodrā	spodros		spodrā	spodrās
vocative (vokatīvs)	—	—		—	—

Synonyms

• (of "shiny", "bright"): gaišs, spīdīgs, spilgts, spožs, spulgs
• (of "clean"): tīrs

Antonyms

• (of "shiny", "bright"): blāvs, nespodrs
• (of "clean"): netīrs

Derived terms

• nespodrs, nespodrība, nespodrums
• spodrība
• spodrums