surgir

French

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin surgere, present active infinitive of surgō (“I get up, arise”). Doublet of sourdre.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /syʁ.ʒiʁ/

• audio:

  (file)

Verb

surgir

1. (intransitive) to emerge or appear; to crop up
2. (intransitive) to arise or stand up

Conjugation

This is a regular verb of the second conjugation, like finir, choisir, and most other verbs with infinitives ending in -ir. One salient feature of this conjugation is the repeated appearance of the infix -iss-.

Conjugation of surgir (see also Appendix:French verbs)

infinitive	simple	surgir
	compound	avoir + past participle
present participle or gerund1	simple	surgissant /syʁ.ʒi.sɑ̃/
	compound	ayant + past participle
past participle		surgi /syʁ.ʒi/
		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		je (j’)	tu	il, elle, on	nous	vous	ils, elles
(simple tenses)	present	surgis /syʁ.ʒi/	surgis /syʁ.ʒi/	surgit /syʁ.ʒi/	surgissons /syʁ.ʒi.sɔ̃/	surgissez /syʁ.ʒi.se/	surgissent /syʁ.ʒis/
	imperfect	surgissais /syʁ.ʒi.sɛ/	surgissais /syʁ.ʒi.sɛ/	surgissait /syʁ.ʒi.sɛ/	surgissions /syʁ.ʒi.sjɔ̃/	surgissiez /syʁ.ʒi.sje/	surgissaient /syʁ.ʒi.sɛ/
	past historic2	surgis /syʁ.ʒi/	surgis /syʁ.ʒi/	surgit /syʁ.ʒi/	surgîmes /syʁ.ʒim/	surgîtes /syʁ.ʒit/	surgirent /syʁ.ʒiʁ/
	future	surgirai /syʁ.ʒi.ʁe/	surgiras /syʁ.ʒi.ʁa/	surgira /syʁ.ʒi.ʁa/	surgirons /syʁ.ʒi.ʁɔ̃/	surgirez /syʁ.ʒi.ʁe/	surgiront /syʁ.ʒi.ʁɔ̃/
	conditional	surgirais /syʁ.ʒi.ʁɛ/	surgirais /syʁ.ʒi.ʁɛ/	surgirait /syʁ.ʒi.ʁɛ/	surgirions /syʁ.ʒi.ʁjɔ̃/	surgiriez /syʁ.ʒi.ʁje/	surgiraient /syʁ.ʒi.ʁɛ/
(compound tenses)	present perfect	present indicative of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle
	past anterior2	past historic of avoir + past participle
	future perfect	future of avoir + past participle
	conditional perfect	conditional of avoir + past participle
subjunctive		que je (j’)	que tu	qu’il, qu’elle	que nous	que vous	qu’ils, qu’elles
(simple tenses)	present	surgisse /syʁ.ʒis/	surgisses /syʁ.ʒis/	surgisse /syʁ.ʒis/	surgissions /syʁ.ʒi.sjɔ̃/	surgissiez /syʁ.ʒi.sje/	surgissent /syʁ.ʒis/
	imperfect2	surgisse /syʁ.ʒis/	surgisses /syʁ.ʒis/	surgît /syʁ.ʒi/	surgissions /syʁ.ʒi.sjɔ̃/	surgissiez /syʁ.ʒi.sje/	surgissent /syʁ.ʒis/
(compound tenses)	past	present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect2	imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative		–	tu	–	nous	vous	–
simple		—	surgis /syʁ.ʒi/	—	surgissons /syʁ.ʒi.sɔ̃/	surgissez /syʁ.ʒi.se/	—
compound		—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en.
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way: past historic → present perfect past anterior → pluperfect imperfect subjunctive → present subjunctive pluperfect subjunctive → past subjunctive (Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81).

Further reading

• “surgir”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

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Portuguese

Etymology

From (deprecated template usage) [etyl] Latin surgere, present active infinitive of surgō (“I get up, arise”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /suʁ.ˈʒi(ʁ)/

Verb

1. to emerge
2. to appear

Synonyms

• aparecer
• exsurgir

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Spanish

Etymology

From (deprecated template usage) [etyl] Latin surgere, present active infinitive of surgō (“I get up, arise”). Cognate with English surge and source.

Verb

1. (intransitive) to arise, emerge, surface, crop up, spring up, pop up
2. (intransitive) to appear
3. (intransitive) to grow out of, to come from, arise from (followed by de)
4. to advance, ascent, rise (move up socially or professionally)

   Synonyms: trepar, escalar, subir

Synonyms

• aparecer

Related terms

• surgimiento
• resurgir
• surto