tj
Egyptian
Pronunciation
- (modern Egyptological) IPA(key): /ti/
- Conventional anglicization: ti
Etymology 1
Determiner
|
f sg proximal demonstrative determiner
Usage notes
This demonstrative follows the noun it describes. By Middle Egyptian, it had become tw.
Inflection
Old Egyptian demonstratives
determiners | pronouns1 | adverbs | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
number | singular | dual | plural | unmarked | ||||
gender | masculine | feminine | masculine | feminine | masculine | feminine | unmarked | |
proximal to speaker | pn |
tn, jtn |
*jpnj |
*jptnj |
jpn |
jptn |
nn |
— |
distal | pf |
tf |
*jpfj |
*jptfj |
jpf |
jptf |
nf |
— |
proximal to spoken of | pj, pw, py, p |
tj, tw, jtw |
jpwj |
*jptwj |
jpw |
jptw |
nw |
— |
vocative | pꜣ |
tꜣ |
— |
— |
— |
— |
nꜣ |
ꜥꜣ |
|
Middle Egyptian demonstratives
Late Egyptian demonstratives and articles
masculine | feminine | plural | adverb | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
pronoun | pꜣw |
dj | ||||
determiners and pronouns | pꜣj |
tꜣj |
nꜣj | |||
possessive determiners (used with suffix pronouns) | pꜣy |
tꜣy |
nꜣy | |||
relational pronouns (‘possessive prefixes’) | p-n, pꜣ |
t-nt, tꜣ |
nꜣyw, nꜣ | |||
definite articles | pꜣ |
tꜣ |
nꜣ1 | |||
indefinite articles | wꜥ1 |
nhꜣy1 | ||||
|
Etymology 2
Loprieno considers tj a development of (j)sṯ, stj (“while”), from Old Egyptian sk. Allen instead sees it as related to tjw (“yes”).
Particle
|
proclitic
- converts a sentence with adverbial or verbal predicate into a dependent adverbial (circumstantial) clause; yea, while, when, although
Usage notes
When the dependent clause introduced by tj has a personal pronoun as its subject, it takes the dependent form.
Alternative forms
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of tj
| ||
tj |
References
- Loprieno, Antonio (1995) Ancient Egyptian: A Linguistic Introduction, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN
- James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 145.
Finnish
Etymology 1
Noun
tj
- Abbreviation of toimitusjohtaja (“CEO, MD”).
Etymology 2
Phrase
tj