tj

See also: TJ, .tj, tj., and -tj

Egyptian

Pronunciation

• (modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /ti/
  • Conventional anglicization: ti

Etymology 1

Determiner

 f sg proximal demonstrative determiner

1. (Old Egyptian) this

Usage notes

This demonstrative follows the noun it describes. By Middle Egyptian, it had become tw.

Inflection

Old Egyptian demonstratives

	determiners						pronouns1	adverbs
number	singular		dual		plural		unmarked
gender	masculine	feminine	masculine	feminine	masculine	feminine	unmarked
proximal to speaker	pn	tn, jtn	*jpnj	*jptnj	jpn	jptn	nn	—
distal	pf	tf	*jpfj	*jptfj	jpf	jptf	nf	—
proximal to spoken of	pj, pw, py, p	tj, tw, jtw	jpwj	*jptwj	jpw	jptw	nw	—
vocative	pꜣ	tꜣ	—	—	—	—	nꜣ	ꜥꜣ
Unmarked for number and gender, but treated syntactically as masculine plurals when used with participles and relative forms, and as feminine singulars when referred to by resumptive pronouns.

Middle Egyptian demonstratives

	determiners and pronouns			adverbs
number	singular		plural1
gender	masculine	feminine	unmarked
proximal	pn	tn	nn	ꜥn
distal	pf, pfꜣ	tf, tfꜣ	nf, nfꜣ	ꜥf
‘copula’; vocative	pw, pwy	tw, twy	nw	—
anaphoric	pꜣ	tꜣ	nꜣ	ꜥꜣ
Joined by n(j) to nouns they modify.

Late Egyptian demonstratives and articles

	masculine	feminine	plural		adverb
pronoun	pꜣw				dj
determiners and pronouns	pꜣj	tꜣj	nꜣj
possessive determiners (used with suffix pronouns)	pꜣy	tꜣy	nꜣy
relational pronouns (‘possessive prefixes’)	p-n, pꜣ	t-nt, tꜣ	nꜣyw, nꜣ
definite articles	pꜣ	tꜣ	nꜣ1
indefinite articles	wꜥ1		nhꜣy1
Originally joined by n(j) to nouns they modify; later without it.

Etymology 2

Loprieno considers tj a development of (j)sṯ, stj (“while”), from Old Egyptian sk. Allen instead sees it as related to tjw (“yes”).

Particle

 proclitic

1. converts a sentence with adverbial or verbal predicate into a dependent adverbial (circumstantial) clause; yea, while, when, although

Usage notes

When the dependent clause introduced by tj has a personal pronoun as its subject, it takes the dependent form.

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of tj  

tj

References

• Loprieno, Antonio (1995) Ancient Egyptian: A Linguistic Introduction, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN
• James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 145.

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Finnish

Etymology 1

Noun

tj

1. Abbreviation of toimitusjohtaja (“CEO, MD”).

Etymology 2

Phrase

tj

1. (military slang) Initialism of tänään jäljellä (“days left of military service (today)”, literally “left/remaining today”).

   Tj on 347, kunnes toisin todistetaan.

   One has 347 days left until proven otherwise.